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Eq ACVS Phase 1 > Ch.23 Chemical Restraint for Standing Procedures > Flashcards

Ch.23 Chemical Restraint for Standing Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Goal of chemical restraint for standing sx

A

Keep horse calm, sedated, indifferent to noxious and external stimuli and physical stimulation

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2
Q

Starting doses for Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine

A

Med - 5 - 7 ug/kg
Dexmed 3 - 5 ug/kg

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3
Q

How are the effects of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists elicited

A

Activation of alpha 2 Adrenoreceptors located on the Locus Coeruleus in the pons of the brainstem

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4
Q

What is responsible for the increased sensitivity to touch associated with alpha 2 agonists

A

Modification of activity of the fast conducting non-nociceptive afferent Beta fibres

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5
Q

How long post administration are peak effects of Alpha2 reached after IV

A

3 - 20 mins
Longer acting such as dobutamine and romifidine may take longer

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6
Q

What dose is advised when reducing alpha 2

A

1/4 to 1/2 of the initial dose

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7
Q

How do IM does differ for A2

A

Use twice the IV dose and 30 - 60 mins for peak effect

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8
Q

Sublingual Detomidine dose and time

A

0.04mg/kg
45 mins

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9
Q

At a dose of 0.02mg/kg iv for a routine dental how many horses were noted to fall down

A

30%

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10
Q

What dose of Detomidine for a horse following exertion exercise

A

0.04mg/kg

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11
Q

Normal dose of Detomidine IV

A

0.01-0.02mg/kg/iv

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12
Q

Dose of romifidine

A

0.08 - 0.12 mg/kg iv

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13
Q

Recommended dose of Xylazine with Butorphanol

A

0.5
0.02

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14
Q

Recommended dose of Xylazine with Methadone

A

0.7
0.1

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15
Q

Recommended dose of Detomidine with Butorphanol

A

0.01 - 0.03
0.01 - 0.025

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16
Q

Recommended dose of Detomidine with Buprenorphine

A

0.01
0.005

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17
Q

Effects of A2s on serum insulin

A

Decrease - hyperglycaemia

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18
Q

Controlling persistent seizures post intra carotid administration of A2

A

Benzodiazepines
Guaifenesin
Thiopental

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19
Q

Why d stressed horses not sedate well

A

Production of endogenous catecholamines

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20
Q

Dosing mules/donkeys/draft breeds with alpha 2s

A

Mules/Donks double dose
Draft 1/2 dose

21
Q

What drugs should never be administered IV following alpha 2 tx to avoid fatal arrhythmia

A

Potentiated sulfonamides

22
Q

Alpha2 not recommended in foals under what age

A

<14 days
or sick foals <3 months

23
Q

Benefits of combining acepromazine with an alpha 2

A

Prevent vasoconstriction
Improved CO and decreased drop in HR
Better arterial oxygenation

24
Q

Antagonist for benzodiazepines and dose

A

Flumazenil 0.04mg/kg/iv

25
Q

Sedation foals <2 weeks or
<3 months and v sick

A

Midazolam 0.05 - 0.2mg/kg/iv
Diazepam 0.05 - 0.3mg/kg/iv

26
Q

2-3 month old healthy foal sedation

A

Xyla/Levomethadone 0.2 - 0.5/0.05
Xyla/Butor 0.2 - 0.5/0.01 - 0.02

mg/kg/iv

27
Q

Dose of ketamine for standing sedation

28
Q

What are the frequently used alpha 2 antagonists

A

Yohimbine
Tolazoline
Atipamazole - most freq used - severe side effects only use in emergency

29
Q

What precaution should be used for A2 antagonists

A

If selective Alpaha2/Alpha1(medetomidine) agonist used, use a lower dose of antagonist

If agonist given >45 mins prior - give antagonist IM

30
Q

How much atipamazole is required to reverse 10ug/kg if deteomidine

A

0.1mg/kg - complete

31
Q

How much atipamazole is required to reverse 20ug/kg of deteomidine

32
Q

How much atipamazole is required to reverse 10ug/kg of medetomidine

33
Q

How much atipamazole is required to reverse medetomididne CRI

34
Q

How much atipamazole is required to reverse 1mg/kg xylazine

35
Q

How much Tolazoline is required to reverse 40ug/kg of detomidine

36
Q

How much Tolazoline is required to reverse 20ug/kg of detomidine

37
Q

How much Tolazoline is required to reverse Xylazine CRI

38
Q

How much Yohimbine is required to reverse 0.03/kg of detomidine

39
Q

How much Yohimbine is required to reverse Xylazine CRI

40
Q

Mechanism of action of phenothiazines

A

Block dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia and limbic system

41
Q

Pros of phenothiazines

A

Antiarrhythmic
Antifibrillatory effects
Decrease anaesthetic risk
Reduces opioid excitation

42
Q

Doses of Acepromazine

A

0.02 - 0.05mg/kg iv/im
0.1 mg/kg po

43
Q

When are the peak effects of Acepromazine seen

A

10-30 mins iv
20-40 mins im
60 mins po

44
Q

Whats responsible for the hemodynamic effects of phenothiazines

A

Alpha1 adrenergic blocking activity

45
Q

What is epinephrine reversal

A

Fall in blood pressure owing to large quantity of circulating epinephrine in stressed animals
ACP blocks Alpha1 adrenoreceptors
B2 adrenoreceptor vasodilation caused by epinephrin

46
Q

Effect of ACP of PCV

A

20% decrease in PCV following clinical use of ACE
Splenic relaxation and RBC sequestration

47
Q

Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines

A

Facilitate actions of GABA (y-aminobutyric acid) the principle neurotransmitter in the CNS

48
Q

What dose of diazepam can be used to decrease jaw/tongue tone or increase stallion libido

A

0.01mg/kg/iv

49
Q

If IM is only route use diazepam or midazolam?

Eq ACVS Phase 1 (72 decks)

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