Ch. 45 Pharynx Flashcards
Where does the nasopharynx attach
Pterygoid, palatine, and hyoid bones and
Laryngeal, cricoid and thyroid cartilages
How does the basihyoid movement affect the pharynx
Ventral displacement increases nasopharyngeal size and stability by increasing the diameter of decreasing the compliance of the nasopharynx
Which are the intrinsic and extrinsic mm of the pharynx
Intrinsic - Mm of soft palate and nasopharynx
Palatinus and palatopharyngeus mm
Extrinsic - Mm of the larynx and hyoid apparatus
What is the palatine aponeurosis formed by
Expansion of the tendon of the tensor veil palatini muscle
Which 4 muscles are responsible for the position of the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatinus
Palatopharyngeus
Innervation of the mm of the soft palate
Tensor veli palatini - Mandibula r branch of Trigeminal n.
Levator, palatinus, palatopharyngeus - Pharyngeal branch of Vagal n.
Function o the palatinus and palatopharyngeus mm
Shorten the soft palate and depress it toward the tongue
Muscles originating at the palatine aponeurosus
Palatinus
Palatopharyngeus
Tensor veli palatini
Which part of the stylopharyngeus dilates the pharynx and which is not stimulated during exercise
Rostral unstimulated
Caudal - pharyngeal dilator
O: Stylohyoid caudal third
I: Dorsal wall of pharynx
N: Glossopharyngeus
A: Tension on roof of nasopharynx - prevents collapse on insp
Levator palatini m
O: Temporal bone, m process of petrous part & auditory tube
I: Within soft palate
N. pharyngealbr of vagus n.
A. Elevates during swallow
closes nasopharynx
facilitates oral ventilation
Palatinus mm
O: Aponeurosis
I: Free margin of soft palate
N: Pharyngeal b of Vagus n.
A. Shorten sp and depress it toward tongue
Palatopharyngeus m
O: Aponeurosis & palatine and pterygoid bones
I: Thyroid cartilage upper edge & median fibrous raphe
N. Pharyngeal b of vagus n.
A. Shorten sp and depress it toward tongue
Blood supply and drainage of soft palate
Linguofacial trunk and maxillary artery
Lymphatic drainage to retropharyngeal ln
How do the extrinsic mm contribute to the patency off the nasopharynx
Increase its diameter by change in size of the oropharynx or position of the larynx
Increase stability of SP at exercise
What are the extrinsic mm of the pharynx
- Geniohyoideus
- Genioglossus
- Thyrohyoideus
- Hyoglossus
- Hyoepiglotticus
- Styloglossus
- Sternohyoideus
- Sternothyroideus
Genioglossus mm
O: Median tongue
I: Oral surface of mandible caudal to symphysis
N: Hypoglossal
A: Protracts tongue, pulls basihyoid rostrally
The tongue tie mimics the action of what muscle
Genioglossus
Geniohyoideus
O: Median tongue
I: Basihyoid
N: Hypoglossal
A: Protracts tongue
Styloglossus
O: Lateral stylohyoid bone
I: Tip of tongue
N. Hypoglossal
A: Retract tongue
Hyoglossus
O: Ling process, stylohyoid, thyrohyoid
I: Median dorsal tongue
A: Retract and depress
N. Hypoglossal n
Sternothyroideus and Sternohyoideus
Caudohyoid mm
O: Sternal manubrium
I: Sternohyoid - Basihyoid
Sternothroid - caudaolateral thyroid
A: Caudal traction of hyoid and larynx
N: 1st and 2nd cervical nn.
Hyoepiglotticus
Hyoid at base of epiglottis
Pulls epiglottis ventral
Thyrohyoideus
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Thyrohyoid bone
A: Rostral/dorsal movement of larynx
Nasopharyngeal cicatrix how does it affect horses
Environmental irritant
Inflam of mucosa
Web formation
95% changes to arytenoids, opening to GP and epiglottis
Transection of which mm creates Rostral Palatal instability
Tensor veli palatini
RPI occurs during insp or exp
Inspiration
Dysfunction of the stylopharyngeus caudalis m causes what
Collapse of the roof of the nasopharynx
intraluminal collapse of the lateral walls of the nasopharynx is caused by dysfunction of
Palatopharyngeus mm
Blocking which nerve can induce DDSP
Pharyngeal b of vagus n
a. the pharynx is a musculomembranous tubular structure supported by bone or cartilaginous matrix
b. the nasopharynx is attached to the pterygoid, palatine, and hyoid bones and to the laryngeal, cricoid, and thyroid cartilages
c. ventral displacement of the basihyoid, decreases nasopharyngeal size and stability by decreasing the diameter or increasing the compliance of the nasopharynx
d. none of the above
b. the nasopharynx is attached to the pterygoid, palatine, and hyoid bones and to the laryngeal, cricoid, and thyroid cartilages
the pharynx is a musculomembranous tubular structure not supported by bone or cartilaginous matrix
ventral displacement of the basihyoid, which increases nasopharyngeal size and stability by increasing the diameter or decreasing the compliance of the nasopharynx
Which of these statements is true regarding the pharynx
a. the intrinsic muscles include those of the larynx and the hyoid apparatus, which affect the position of the basihyoid bone and/ or the larynx, and probably affect the morphology of the nasopharynx by changes to the oropharynx.
b. the intrinsic musculature contributes to the stability of the nasopharynx mainly by timely muscular contractions that tense and dilate the pharyngeal walls
c. the extrinsic musculature contributes to the stability of the nasopharynx mainly by timely muscular contractions that tense and dilate the pharyngeal walls
d. none of the above
b. the intrinsic musculature contributes to the stability of the nasopharynx mainly by timely muscular contractions that tense and dilate the pharyngeal walls
the extrinsic muscles include those of the larynx and the hyoid apparatus, which affect the position of the basihyoid bone and/ or the larynx, and probably affect the morphology of the naso- pharynx by changes to the oropharynx.
a. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, styglossus, hyoglossus muscle, basihyoid bone, hyoepiglotticus muscle.
b. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, stylohyoid bone, ceratohyoid bone, hyoglossus muscle, basihyoid bone, hyoepiglotticus muscle
c. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, stylohyoid bone, ceratohyoid bone, sternohyoideus m, hyoepiglotticus muscle
d. none of the above
b. The extrinsic structures which are relevant to the stability of the nasopharynx are the Mandible, genioglossus muscle, geniohyoideus muscle, styglossus, hyoglossus muscle, basihyoid bone, hyoepiglotticus muscle.
a. the palatine aponeurosis is formed by expansion of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle and attaches to the hamulus of the pterygoid bone
b. the position of the soft palate is partially determined by the coordinated function of four muscles the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatinus, and palatopharyngeus muscles which are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
c. the position of the soft palate is partially determined by the coordinated function of four muscles the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatinus, and palatopharyngeus muscles which are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
d. none of the above
d.none of the above
the palatine aponeurosis is formed by expansion of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle and attaches to the caudal margin of the hard palate
the position of the soft palate is partially determined by the coordinated function of four muscles the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatinus, and palatopharyngeus muscles which are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve except for the tensor veli palatini which is inn by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
a. The palatinus muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing, closes the nasopharynx, and facilitates oral ventilation in nonobligate nasal breathers
b. The levator veli palatini muscle consists of a paired fusiform muscle that originates at the caudal aspect of the palatine aponeurosis and courses through the middle of the soft palate, just beneath the nasal mucosa, to ramify in the caudal free margin of the soft palate.
c. the palatinus and palatopharyngeus muscles shorten the soft palate and depress it toward the tongue
d. none of the above
c. the palatinus and palatopharyngeus muscles shorten the soft palate and depress it toward the tongue
the levator veli palatini elevates the soft palate during swallowing, closes the nasopharynx, and facilitates oral ventilation in nonobligate nasal breathers
The levator veli palatini muscle consists of a paired fusiform muscle that originates at the caudal aspect of the palatine aponeurosis and courses through the middle of the soft palate, just beneath the nasal mucosa, to ramify in the caudal free margin of the soft palate.
a. the tensor veli palatini tenses the rostral aspect of the soft palate by using the hamulus as a pulley and retracts the soft palate away from the dorsal pharyngeal wall, expanding the nasopharynx and slightly depressing it ventrad during inspiration
b. the rostral stylopharyngeus muscle is a pharyngeal constrictor that is not known to be stimulated during exercise
c. the caudal stylopharyngeus muscle is a pharyngeal dilator
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
a. stylopharyngeus with the palatopharyngeus muscles add to the stability of the roof of the nasopharynx
b. the palatine aponeurosis is formed by expansion of the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle
c. the caudal stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and is responsible for tension on the roof of the nasopharynx that helps preventing pharyngeal collapse during inspiratory pressure drops.
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The extrinsic muscles of the pharynx are
a. thyrohyoideus, hyoepiglotticus, cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, sternothyroideus
b. geniohyoideus, thyrohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, hyoepiglotticus, styloglossus, sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus
c. geniohyoideus, thyrohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, hyoepiglotticus, cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus
d.thyrohyoideus, hyoepiglotticus, cricopharyngeus,styloglossus, sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus
b. geniohyoideus, thyrohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, hyoepiglotticus, styloglossus, sternohyoideus, sternothyroideus
Common
thyrohyoideus
hyoepiglotticus
sternothyroideus
Just pharynx
geniohyoideus
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
sternohyoideus
Just larynx
cricopharyngeus
thyropharyngeus
