Ch.4 Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards
all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported used and disposed of by the body
Metabolism
the study of energy in the human body
bioenergetics
the material or substance on which an enzyme acts (carbs, proteins, fats)
substrates
organic compounds of carbon , hydrogen, and oxygen, which includes starches, cellulose and sugars, and are important source of energy. All carbs are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar
Carbohydrates
a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbs, fat and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the bodys main source of fuel
Glucose
the complex carb molecule used to store carbs in the liver and muscle cells. When carb energy is needed glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells
glycogen
one of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serves as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fat: unsaturated and saturated
Fat
the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body
triglycerides
amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur and that have several essential biologic compounds
Protein
the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids
gluconeogenesis
energy storage and transfer unit within the ells of the body
ATP
a high energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed
ADP
the breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules which then are available to enter the krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP
Beta Oxidation
the state in which the bodys metabolism is elevated after exercise
excessive postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
