Ch. 5 Human Movment Science Flashcards
Positioned above a point of reference
Superior
the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
Biomechanics
Positioned below a point of reference
Inferior
Positioned nearest the center of the body or point of reference
Proximal
Positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference
Distal
On the front of the body
Anterior
On the back of the body
Posterior
Positioned near the middle of the body
Medial
Positioned toward the outside of the body
Lateral
Positioned on the opposite side of the body
Contralateral
Positioned on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
The position with the body erect with the arms at the side and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.
Anatomic position
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves
Sagittal plane
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
Flexion
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula
Scapular depression
Upward (superior) motion of the scapula
Scapular elevation
An influence applied by one object to another which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object
Force
The resting resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
Length tension relationship
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
Force-couple relationship
Movement of the bones around the joints
Rotary motion
A force that produces rotation, common unit of torque is the newton meter or Nm
Torque
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
Motor behavior
How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response
Motor control
Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produced skill
Motor learning
The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the life span
Motor development
Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement
Muscle synergies
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement
Proprioception
The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement
Sensorimotor integration
The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning
Feedback
The process where by sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment
Internal feedback
Information provided by some external source such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment
External feedback
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases
Extension
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
Hyper extension
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves
Frontal plane
A movement in the frontal plane away from the mid line of the body
Abduction
A movement in the frontal plane toward the mid line of the body
Adduction
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves
Transverse plane
Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body
Internal rotation
Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body
External rotation
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position
Horizontal abduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position
Horizontal adduction
Adduction of the scapula; shoulder blades move toward the mid line
Scapular retraction
Abduction of the scapula; shoulder blades move away from the mid line
Scapular protraction
