Ch. 2 Basic Exercise Science

Question 0

A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body, divided into two parts CNS and PNS

Answer 0

Nervous system

Question 1

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems.

Answer 1

Kinetic Chain

Question 2

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

contains only nerves and connects the brain and spinal cord (CNS) to the rest of the body

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

Answer 4

Sensory Function

Question 5

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response.

Answer 5

Integrative Function

Question 6

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Answer 6

Motor Function

Question 7

The functional unit of the nervous system; composed of three main parts: the cell body (or soma), axon, and dendrites

Answer 7

Neuron

Question 8

Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 8

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 9

Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

Answer 9

Interneurons

Question 10

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

Answer 10

Motor (efferent) neurons

Question 11

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues (touch and pressure)

Answer 11

Mechanoreceptors

Question 12

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

Answer 12

Muscle Spindles

Question 13

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

Answer 13

Golgi tendon organs

Question 14

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

Answer 14

Joint Receptors

Question 15

Portin of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Answer 15

Axial Skeleton

Question 16

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

Answer 16

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 17

The process of resorption and formation of bone

Answer 17

Remodeling

Question 18

A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue

Answer 18

Osteoclasts

Question 19

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation

Answer 19

Osteoblasts

Question 20

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production. They are also one of the primary sites for bone growth

Answer 20

Epiphysis

Question 21

The shaft portion of a long bone

Answer 21

Diaphysis

Question 22

The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in lengths of the diaphysis occurs

Answer 22

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 23

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closes wraps all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane

Answer 23

Periosteum

Question 24

The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

Answer 24

Medullar cavity

Question 25

Cartilage that covers there articular surfaces of bones

Answer 25

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Question 26

Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites

Answer 26

Depressions

Question 27

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Answer 27

Processes

Question 28

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

Answer 28

Vertebral Column

Question 29

Joint motion

Answer 29

Arthrokinematics

Question 30

Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body

Answer 30

Synovial Joints

Question 31

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

Answer 31

Nonsynovial Joints

Question 32

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

Answer 32

Ligament

Question 33

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton

Answer 33

Muscular System

Question 34

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

Answer 34

Epimysium

Question 35

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

Answer 35

Perimysium

Question 36

The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

Answer 36

Endomysium

Question 37

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

Answer 37

Tendons

Question 38

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

Answer 38

Sarcomere

Question 39

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

Answer 39

Neural activation

Question 40

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers in innervates

Answer 40

Motor unit

Question 41

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle

Answer 41

Neurotransmitters