ch.4- Consciousness

Question 1

what is consciousness?

Answer 1

awareness of everything around you and inside your mind at any given moment that’s used to organize behavior

Question 2

direct inner awareness

Answer 2

knowledge of thoughts/ images, sensations-perceptions, memories & feelings

Question 3

selective attention & types

Answer 3

focusing on certain stimuli ( a filter); visual and auditory

Question 4

attention and stimuli types (4)

Answer 4

• novel (unexpected)
• intense (bright lite/ loud noise)
• repetitive (habituate to “songs/ads”)
• sudden changes in (positive or negative types)

Question 5

what are the levels of consciousness? (4)

Answer 5

• conscious
• preconscious
• unconscious/ subconscious
• nonconscious

Question 6

conscious

Answer 6

have awareness of

Question 7

preconscious & example

Answer 7

hidden but available; friends/family bday

Question 8

unconscious (or subcon) & examples

Answer 8

Unavailable to awareness; painful memories, irrational wished, fear, shameful experiences, failures & immoral urges (Freud)

Question 9

repression & example?

Answer 9

things deep down, almost unknown; abuse- defense mechanism

Question 10

suppression

Answer 10

choosing not to think about something to focus on something else- defense mechanism

Question 11

nonconscious & examples

Answer 11

bodily processes that can’t be directly experienced but that we know is occurring; fingernail/ hair growth, heartbeat, breathing, control of internal organs

Question 12

what are the 4 altered states on consciousness?

Answer 12

• sleep (dreams)
• meditation
• hypnotic trance
• chemically altered states

Question 13

stages of sleep are levels of __________-

Answer 13

unconscious

Question 14

how long does it take to move to stage 5?

Answer 14

90 minutes

Question 15

when does NREM & REM happen?

Answer 15

NREM- stages 1-4

REM-stage 5

Question 16

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 16

measures neural brain activity (sleep & wake cycles)

Question 17

we have __ REM bouts a night that ____ over time. they take ____min and the body is _____

Answer 17

5; increase in duration; 90 min, chemically paralyzed

Question 18

what is another word for dreaming?

Answer 18

paradoxical sleep

Question 19

REM rebound

Answer 19

condition of increased REM sleep after deprivation; get to faster & have 7-8 episodes/night

Question 20

brain metabolism theory

Answer 20

small animal=fast brain metabolism=less sleep

large animal=slower brain metabolism=more sleep

Question 21

“danger theory”

Answer 21

sleep based on risk of danger from predators

Question 22

circadian rhythm (def) how long does it last for adults & adolescents?

Answer 22

cycle of sleep & wakefulness associated with light-dark cycles of earth rotation; 24-25 hours or 28 in adolescence

Question 23

zeitgebers

Answer 23

internal mechanisms can be adjusted or entrained by zeitgebers “time givers”

Question 24

where is the circadian system located?

Answer 24

superchiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus

Question 25

what is the hormone of darkness & of light?

Answer 25

darkness= melatonin, light= cortisol

Question 26

chronotype definition. determined by what?

Answer 26

genetic propensity to sleep; PER3 gene

Question 27

long per3 gene= _______ & short per3 gene= ____

Answer 27

long=early riser, need 7+hours of sleep | short= late riser, can get by on less sleep

Question 28

consciousness changes in cycles that respond to __ & _____

Answer 28

bio rhythms & patterns of stimuli in environments

Question 29

daydreaming

Answer 29

mildly altered state of consciousness where attention shifts to memories, desires, expectation or fantasies and away from immediate situation

Question 30

where does daydreaming occur?

Answer 30

in frontal and temporal lobes

Question 31

what 3 parts of the brain and (1) NT are active during dreaming?

Answer 31

-reticular formation, pons, hypothalamus (memory consolidation) & acetylcholine (NT)

Question 32

Freud dream theory

Answer 32

carry our hidden desires

Question 33

Jung dream theory

Answer 33

carry meaning that can be interpreted by the dreamer

Question 34

Cayce dream theory

Answer 34

body's way of building mental, spiritual and physical well being

Question 35

Evans dream theory

Answer 35

body's way of storing vast amounts of information gained daily (update survival program)

Question 36

Crick & Mitchson dream theory

Answer 36

information being dumped, not stored (DEBUNKED)

Question 37

Activation-Synthesis Mode

Answer 37

cognitive activity during day repeated and consolidated; make sense of/ process daily info (STRONGEST THEORY TODAY)

Question 38

5 functions of sleep

Answer 38

survival, energy allocation, restoration, info processing, & brain development

Question 39

survival as fxn of sleep

Answer 39

adaptive to survival. humans can't see well at night so must sleep

Question 40

energy allocation as fxn of sleep

Answer 40

sleep & wake related to "optimization of energy conservation"

Question 41

restoration as fxn of sleep (3)

Answer 41

rest & rejuvenate, recover from stress & repair body

Question 42

info processing as fxn of sleep

Answer 42

consolidate memory into learning (REM dependent)

Question 43

brain development as fxn of sleep

Answer 43

allows activation of neural circuitry/ activity; why babies, infants, children & teens need more sleep

Question 44

2 main characteristics of insomnia

Answer 44

- inability to fall asleep easily or maintain sleep | - poor sleep quantity/ quality (sleep 9 but feel like 4)

Question 45

3 types of insomnia & what they are

Answer 45

-early: can't sleep @ start -middle: wake up @ middle & can't fall asleep =late: wake up ~2hrs too early

Question 46

narcolepsy. time?

Answer 46

involuntary & sudden REM sleep attack; 15 min to start REM

Question 47

causes of narcolepsy (environment, brain & type)

Answer 47

- emotional excitement or fear - dysfunction of brain=stem mechanisms associated with sleep-wake regulation - genetic, neurological disorder

Question 48

sleep apnea def, causes & symptoms

Answer 48

- airway obstruction during sleep - overweight, snoring, anatomic differences - poor sleep, chronic snoring, daytime sleepiness

Question 49

sleep terror, signs & who likely

Answer 49

- frightening dream like experiences without memory of mental events of cause - panic state while sleep (screaming/ thrashing b/c not fully paralyzed) - mostly in young children

Question 50

Two “types” of unconscious

Answer 50

Repression & suppression