CH.1- What is Psychology? Flashcards
what are the 2 root words of Psychology and their meaning?
- Psyche= mind
- ology= field of study
what is psychology?
study of the mind and observable behaviors
what are the goals of Psychology? (2)
(1) to explain, predict and control what is studied in order to (2) improve the human condition
what do industrial human factor psych do?
equipment design, make things more user friendly
what are the steps in the scientific method?
1) Formulate a research question
2) State a hypothesis
3) Test hypothesis
4) Draw conclusions
What is a theory
combined set of hypothesized statements or facts about the relationship among behavior, mental processes and biological processes
What are the 2 types of research? and what are their aims?
PURE (basic)= answer fundamental questions about nature (no concern for application)
APPLIED= conducted to find solutions to personal or social problems
what is a case study?
investigate small groups and rare ocurances
what is a survey and questionnaire?
proposed set of questions either verbal (survey), written (questionnaire) also.. interviews?
observe participants in their natural habitat, hidden from view
naturalistic observation
determining a relationship between 2 variables
correlation method
used to better understand cause and effect relationships
experimental method
what is independent and dependent variables?
INDEP= what researchers changes, controls or manipulates DEP= measured results or outcomes
experimental group vs controls group
experimental= receive treatment control= do not receive treatment
stratified sample
subgroups are represented proportionally
selection factor
source of bias where participants can self choose conditions or treatments
known for reason and rational thought
socrates
careful examination of one’s own thought and emotions to gain self- knowledge
introspection
father of observation and research
aristotle
empiricism
to understand, you must observe
who was the first to say sensations and perceptions could be measured?
Gustav Fletchner
who was first to establish a psych lab?
wilhelm wundt
structuralism focused on what 3 things?
objective sensations, subjective feelings, and mental images; wilhlem wundt and edward titchner
functionalism? founders?
study of the functions of the mind, not structures. looked at adaptive behaviors; william james
