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Psychology 100 > CH.2- Biology & Psychology > Flashcards

CH.2- Biology & Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

specialty that studies the interactions of biology, behavior, and mental processes

A

Biopsychology

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2
Q

specialized cell in NS that give and receive messages; also called nerve cells

A

neurons

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3
Q

provide structure & support, form new synapses, clean out/ nourish/ protect/ form insulation, help form new connections during learning

A

glial cell

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4
Q

cell body (soma) of neuron (3 functions)

A

contains DNA, produces energy, analyzes messages

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5
Q

axon

A

sends messages via axon terminals

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6
Q

dendrite

A

receive messages or direct stimulation

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7
Q

myelin (4 functions)

A

keeps msgs moving, speed up msgs, protects msg interruptions from other atoms & neurons, facilitates transmission of neural impulses

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8
Q

send messages from organs to spinal cord & brain

A

afferent neurons or sensory neurons

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9
Q

send messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles, organs and glands

A

efferent neurons or motor neurons

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10
Q

relay messages between nerve cell; connect sensory and motor neurons in spinal cord

A

interneurons

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11
Q

electrical msgs travel within neurons

A

neural impulse

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12
Q

when do neural impulses change from electric to electro-chemical?

A

when neurotransmitters are released in the synaptic cleft

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13
Q

resting potential (3)

A

inactive state, ready to fire, negative electrical ion state

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14
Q

action potential (3)

A

excited state, fires when threshold met, changes from negative to positive ion state

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15
Q

when a neuron fires it transmits an impulse of same strength or not at all; no “halfway” or almost firing neuron

A

all or nothing principle

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16
Q

refractory period

A

recovery between firings; quick rest

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17
Q

synapse or synaptic cleft

A

gap between neurons for site of communication between neurons

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18
Q

reuptake*

A

loose or unused neurotransmitters broken down or reabsorbed by originating neuron via axon terminal

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19
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical that sends messages from one neuron to the next; vesicles containing NT are released in synapse to next neuron; each has unique chemical structure that fit into specific receptor site

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20
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A

1) central NS

2) peripheral NS

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21
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the PERIPHERAL nervous system?

A

1) Somatic NS

2) Autonomic NS

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22
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the SOMATIC nervous system? & its main function?

A

1) afferent (sensory) neurons
2) efferent (motor) neurons
function) controls body movement

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23
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the AUTONOMIC nervous system? what does it control?

A

1) Sympathetic Division
2) Parasympathetic Division
controls) automatic processes like heartbeat, respiration, etc

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24
Q

When is the sympathetic NS most active? what does it do to the body’s reserves of energy?

A

most active during emotional responses & fight or flight response. Uses bodys reserves

25
Q

what is parasympathetic NS active?

A

during process that restores the body’s energy reserves. eating, sleeping, relaxing

26
Q

what is white matter

A

myelinated neurons

27
Q

what is gray matter and what is it involved in?

A

non-myelinated neurons. spinal reflex

28
Q

what is a spinal reflex?

A

simple, unlearned response to stimulus

29
Q

Which technology can detect fast, subtle response

A

EEG

30
Q

what technology makes 3D brain images?

A

CAT scan

31
Q

what technology shows brain activity?

A

PET scan

32
Q

what technology shows brain structures?

A

MRI

33
Q

what technology shows structure AND activity in real time?

A

fMRI

34
Q

regulates body functions (hindbrain)

A

medulla

35
Q

regulates sleep and dreaming (hindbrain)

A

pons

36
Q

regulates coordinated movement & balance (hindbrain)

A

cerebellum

37
Q

relay station for sensory info (forebrain)

A

thalamus

38
Q

regulates alertness, attention, sleep & arousal (hindbrain)

A

reticular formation

39
Q

manages internal body state and instinct behaviors

A

hypothalamus

40
Q

what system is involved in memory, emotion, & drives associated with hunger, sex, and aggression

A

limbic system

41
Q

responsible for positive & negative emotions & initiates the experience of fear (limbic system)

A

amygdala

42
Q

what is responsible for memory formation but not storage?

A

hippocampus

43
Q

what is responsible for thinking and language? what you “think of” as your brain or thinking cap?

A

cerebrum

44
Q

what does the corpus callosum do?

A

connects two hemispheres of cerebrum

45
Q

what is the cerebral cortex?

A

thin outer layer

46
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

frontal, temporal, occipital & parietal

47
Q

what lobe is responsible for vision?

A

occipital

48
Q

what lobe is responsible for hearing & auditory function?

A

temporal

49
Q

what lobe is responsible for somatosensory cortex?

A

parietal

50
Q

what lobe is responsible for motor cortex?

A

frontal

51
Q

what hemisphere is language controlled in?

A

left

52
Q

Wernickes area is responsible for what?

A

comprehension of speech

53
Q

brocas area is responsible for what?

A

production of speech

54
Q

what is cerebral dominance?

A

tendency for each hemi to control different tasks

55
Q

what is a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system?

A

the respective gland is signaled to stop when the right amount of hormone is secreted

56
Q

when is epinephrine or adrenaline released and what for?

A

during times of crisis to keep the body in fight or flight mode

57
Q

what are the adrenal glands for?

A

hormones produce arousal the accompanies fear

58
Q

thyroid controls

A

metabolism

Psychology 100 (13 decks)

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