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Psychology 100 > CH.2- Biology & Psychology > Flashcards

CH.2- Biology & Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

specialty that studies the interactions of biology, behavior, and mental processes

A

Biopsychology

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2
Q

specialized cell in NS that give and receive messages; also called nerve cells

A

neurons

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3
Q

provide structure & support, form new synapses, clean out/ nourish/ protect/ form insulation, help form new connections during learning

A

glial cell

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4
Q

cell body (soma) of neuron (3 functions)

A

contains DNA, produces energy, analyzes messages

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5
Q

axon

A

sends messages via axon terminals

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6
Q

dendrite

A

receive messages or direct stimulation

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7
Q

myelin (4 functions)

A

keeps msgs moving, speed up msgs, protects msg interruptions from other atoms & neurons, facilitates transmission of neural impulses

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8
Q

send messages from organs to spinal cord & brain

A

afferent neurons or sensory neurons

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9
Q

send messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles, organs and glands

A

efferent neurons or motor neurons

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10
Q

relay messages between nerve cell; connect sensory and motor neurons in spinal cord

A

interneurons

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11
Q

electrical msgs travel within neurons

A

neural impulse

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12
Q

when do neural impulses change from electric to electro-chemical?

A

when neurotransmitters are released in the synaptic cleft

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13
Q

resting potential (3)

A

inactive state, ready to fire, negative electrical ion state

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14
Q

action potential (3)

A

excited state, fires when threshold met, changes from negative to positive ion state

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15
Q

when a neuron fires it transmits an impulse of same strength or not at all; no “halfway” or almost firing neuron

A

all or nothing principle

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16
Q

refractory period

A

recovery between firings; quick rest

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17
Q

synapse or synaptic cleft

A

gap between neurons for site of communication between neurons

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18
Q

reuptake*

A

loose or unused neurotransmitters broken down or reabsorbed by originating neuron via axon terminal

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19
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical that sends messages from one neuron to the next; vesicles containing NT are released in synapse to next neuron; each has unique chemical structure that fit into specific receptor site

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20
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

A

1) central NS

2) peripheral NS

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21
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the PERIPHERAL nervous system?

A

1) Somatic NS

2) Autonomic NS

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22
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the SOMATIC nervous system? & its main function?

A

1) afferent (sensory) neurons
2) efferent (motor) neurons
function) controls body movement

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23
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the AUTONOMIC nervous system? what does it control?

A

1) Sympathetic Division
2) Parasympathetic Division
controls) automatic processes like heartbeat, respiration, etc

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24
Q

When is the sympathetic NS most active? what does it do to the body’s reserves of energy?

A

most active during emotional responses & fight or flight response. Uses bodys reserves

25
what is parasympathetic NS active?
during process that restores the body's energy reserves. eating, sleeping, relaxing
26
what is white matter
myelinated neurons
27
what is gray matter and what is it involved in?
non-myelinated neurons. spinal reflex
28
what is a spinal reflex?
simple, unlearned response to stimulus
29
Which technology can detect fast, subtle response
EEG
30
what technology makes 3D brain images?
CAT scan
31
what technology shows brain activity?
PET scan
32
what technology shows brain structures?
MRI
33
what technology shows structure AND activity in real time?
fMRI
34
regulates body functions (hindbrain)
medulla
35
regulates sleep and dreaming (hindbrain)
pons
36
regulates coordinated movement & balance (hindbrain)
cerebellum
37
relay station for sensory info (forebrain)
thalamus
38
regulates alertness, attention, sleep & arousal (hindbrain)
reticular formation
39
manages internal body state and instinct behaviors
hypothalamus
40
what system is involved in memory, emotion, & drives associated with hunger, sex, and aggression
limbic system
41
responsible for positive & negative emotions & initiates the experience of fear (limbic system)
amygdala
42
what is responsible for memory formation but not storage?
hippocampus
43
what is responsible for thinking and language? what you "think of" as your brain or thinking cap?
cerebrum
44
what does the corpus callosum do?
connects two hemispheres of cerebrum
45
what is the cerebral cortex?
thin outer layer
46
what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
frontal, temporal, occipital & parietal
47
what lobe is responsible for vision?
occipital
48
what lobe is responsible for hearing & auditory function?
temporal
49
what lobe is responsible for somatosensory cortex?
parietal
50
what lobe is responsible for motor cortex?
frontal
51
what hemisphere is language controlled in?
left
52
Wernickes area is responsible for what?
comprehension of speech
53
brocas area is responsible for what?
production of speech
54
what is cerebral dominance?
tendency for each hemi to control different tasks
55
what is a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system?
the respective gland is signaled to stop when the right amount of hormone is secreted
56
when is epinephrine or adrenaline released and what for?
during times of crisis to keep the body in fight or flight mode
57
what are the adrenal glands for?
hormones produce arousal the accompanies fear
58
thyroid controls
metabolism

Psychology 100 (13 decks)

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