Ch.11- Stress (from book)

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

a microscopic organism (e.g., bacterium or virus) that can cause disease

Question 2

health psychology

Answer 2

the field of psychology that studies the relationships between psychological factors (e.g., attitudes, beliefs, situational influences, and behavior patterns) and the prevention and treatment of physical illness

Question 3

eustress

Answer 3

stress that is healthful

Question 4

stress

Answer 4

the demand that is made on an organism to adapt

Question 5

conflict

Answer 5

being torn in different directions by opposing motives

Question 6

catastrophize

Answer 6

to interpret negative events as being disastrous; to “blow out of proportion”

Question 7

self-efficacy expectations

Answer 7

our beliefs that we can bring about desired changes through our own efforts

Question 8

Type A behavior

Answer 8

behavior characterized by a sense of time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility

Question 9

locus of control

Answer 9

the place (locus) to which an individual attributes control over the receiving of reinforcers—either inside or outside the self

Question 10

psychological hardiness

Answer 10

a cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control

Question 11

fight-or-flight reaction

Answer 11

an innate adaptive response to the perception of danger

Question 12

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 12

Selye’s hypothetical three-stage response to stress

Question 13

alarm reaction

Answer 13

1st stage of the GAS, which is triggered by the impact of a stressor and characterized by sympathetic activity

Question 14

resistance stage

Answer 14

2nd stage of the GAS, characterized by prolonged sympathetic activity in an effort to restore lost energy and repair damage; also referred to as the adaptation stage

Question 15

exhaustion stage

Answer 15

3rd stage of the GAS, characterized by weakened resistance and possible deterioration

Question 16

• immune system
• leukocytes
• antigens
• antibodies
• inflammation

need to know???

Answer 16

• the system of the body that recognizes and destroys foreign agents (antigens) that invade the body
• white blood cells (derived from the Greek words leukos, meaning “white,” and kytos, literally meaning “a hollow” but used to refer to cells)
• substances that stimulate the body to mount an immune system response to it (short for antibody generator)
• substances formed by white blood cells that recognize and destroy antigens
• increased blood flow to an injured area of the body, resulting in redness, warmth, and an increased supply of white blood cells

Question 17

active coping

Answer 17

a stress-management strategy in which people take responsibility for managing stressors and work directly to control them using their internal resources

Question 18

passive coping

Answer 18

a stress-management strategy in which people absolve themselves of responsibility for managing a stressor and surrender any attempt to control the situation

Question 19

secondary appraisal

Answer 19

people’s evaluation of their resources and options for coping with a stressor or threat

Question 20

primary appraisal

Answer 20

the cognitive process that occurs when one is appraising whether an event is stressful or poses a threat, whether it will be harmful or presents a challenge

Question 21

benevolent religious reappraisal??

Answer 21

a method of reappraising one’s fears and troubles such that one tries to find a lesson from God in them, escape from them, or to perceive that the trials are spiritually beneficial

Question 22

problem-focused coping

Answer 22

the stress-management strategy in which the person directly confronts a stressor in the attempt to either decrease it or totally eliminate it

Question 23

emotion-focused coping

Answer 23

a stress-management strategy in which the person focuses on regulating their negative emotional reactions to a stressor