Ch.13 (book)

Question 1

psyhotherapy

Answer 1

a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that brings psychological principles to bear on influencing the client’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual

Question 2

asylum

Answer 2

a historic institution for the care of the mentally ill

Question 3

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 3

a type of psychotherapy that is based on Freud’s thinking and assumes that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts

Question 4

psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Freud’s method of psychotherapy

Question 5

catharsis

Answer 5

in psychoanalysis, the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them

Question 6

free association

Answer 6

in psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind

Question 7

resistance

Answer 7

the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression

Question 8

transference

Answer 8

responding to one person (such as a psychoanalyst) in a way similar to how one responded to another person (such as a parent) in childhood

Question 9

wish fulfillment

Answer 9

in dreams, the acting-out of ideas and impulses that are repressed when one is conscious

Question 10

ego analyst

Answer 10

a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id

Question 11

humanistic therapy

Answer 11

a form of psychotherapy that focuses on the client’s subjective, conscious experience in the “here and now”

Question 12

client-centered therapy

Answer 12

Rogers’s method of psychotherapy that emphasizes the creation of a warm, therapeutic atmosphere that frees clients to engage in self-exploration and self-expression

Question 13

Gestalt therapy

Answer 13

Perls’s form of psychotherapy that attempts to integrate conflicting parts of the personality through directive methods designed to help clients perceive their whole selves

Question 14

behavior therapy

Answer 14

systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client’s problem behaviors

Question 15

systematic desensitization

Answer 15

Wolpe’s method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation

Question 16

modeling

Answer 16

a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations

Question 17

aversive conditioning

Answer 17

a behavior-therapy technique in which undesired responses are inhibited by pairing repugnant or offensive stimuli with them

Question 18

cognitive therapy

Answer 18

a form of therapy that focuses on how clients’ cognitions (e.g., expectations, attitudes, and beliefs) lead to distress and may be modified to relieve distress and promote adaptive behavior

Question 19

biofeedback training (BFT)

Answer 19

the systematic feeding-back to an organism of information about a bodily function so that the organism can gain control of that function

Question 20

social skills training

Answer 20

a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback

Question 21

successive approximations

Answer 21

in operant conditioning, a series of behaviors that gradually become more similar to a target behavior

Question 22

token economy

Answer 22

a controlled environment in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with tokens (such as poker chips) that may be exchanged for privileges

Question 23

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 23

Ellis’s form of therapy that encourages clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations and maladaptive behaviors

Question 24

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 24

an approach to therapy that uses cognitive and behavioral techniques that have been validated by research

Question 25

meta-analysis

Answer 25

a statistical technique for combining and averaging the results of individual research studies

Question 26

antidepressant

Answer 26

acting to relieve depression

Question 27

rebound anxiety

Answer 27

anxiety that can occur when one discontinues use of a tranquilizer

Question 28

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 28

treatment of disorders like major depression by passing an electric current (that causes a convulsion) through the head

Question 29

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Answer 29

antidepressant drugs that block the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 30

selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 30

antidepressant drugs that work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin by presynaptic neurons, thus increasing the amount of serotonin available to the brain

Question 31

prefrontal lobotomy

Answer 31

the severing or destruction of a section of the frontal lobe of the brain

Question 32

psychosurgery

Answer 32

Surgery intended to promote psychological changes or to relieve disordered behavior