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Psychology 100 > ch.11- stress > Flashcards

ch.11- stress Flashcards

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1
Q

stress

A

physical and mental responses to a stressor

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2
Q

stressor

A

stressful external event or situation

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3
Q

distress

A

psycho reaction from external stressor (internal stress response)`

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4
Q

traumatic stressors

A

situations that threatens a person’s physical safety & causes feelings of fear, horror, or helplessness

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5
Q

vicarious traumatization

A

severe stress cause by exposure to/ engagement with traumatic images/ stories

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6
Q

grief (personal loss)

A

emotional response to loss, which includes sadness, anger, helplessness, guilt, and despair. healthy process of adapting to major life changes. leads to integration

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7
Q

integration

A

final phase of grieving in which the loss becomes incorporated into the self

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8
Q

targeted rejection (personal loss)

A

exclusive, active, and intentional social rejection of an individual by others…leads to humiliation & rejection. those who experience targeted rejection may experience rejection faster than those who experience other types of stress (ex. partner leaves you for another person)

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9
Q

disenfranchised grief (unrecognized grief)

A

emotion surrounding loss that other’s don’t support, share or understand. lacks a formal ritual for grieving process (ex death or loss of pet, miscarriage)

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10
Q

conflict (unrecognized grief)

A

feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives

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11
Q

multiple- approach-avoidance conflict

A

each of several courses of action has + and -

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12
Q

chronic stressor

A

long lasting condition that may develop over time

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13
Q

societal stressors

A

challenges at work, school, home, etc. Example: poverty, racism , unemployment, access to HC, home environment

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14
Q

burnout

A

overwhelming exhaustion, physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, and detachment. often related to work and poor fit between worker and job

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15
Q

compassion fatigue (“secondary traumatic stress”)

A

state of exhaustion experienced by medical and psychological professionals, caregivers, which leaves the person feeling stressed, numb or indifferent…can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with work and resistance to get help

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16
Q

chronic stressor: major life changes

A

Both positive (birth of a child) and negative (death of a loved one) events can be stressful. Any change can generate distress

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17
Q

chronic stressor: daily hassles

A

occurring regularly, cause minor irritation/ frustration, and are considered negative. Example: lose keys, not enough sleep, appearance, not enough time to complete tasks. accumulation can lead to health problems

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18
Q

cognitive appraisal

A

interpretation of a situation as too much or a threat to personal well-being. may be related to pessimistic outlook & health problems later on

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19
Q

irrational beliefs (ellis)

A

about events can make the experience of the event worse and lead to distress

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20
Q

catastrophizing

A

interpreting the event as disastrous

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21
Q

fight or flight response

A

sequence of internal responses preparing an organism for struggle or escape

22
Q

physiological response to stress

A

physical stress (fight or flight) begins with arousal (ANS) which stimulates a series of physiological responses (NS, endocrine, muscles) that in the short term are adaptive but can be harmful if prolonged (chronic)

23
Q

acute stress

A

temporary state of arousal, with a distinct onset and limited duration (as opposed to chronic: long lasting stress)

24
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

A 3 phase pattern of physical responses to a chronic stressor> Alarm phase, resistance phase, exhaustion phase. all stressors provokes some attempt to adapt or adjust to the stressor

25
Q

GAS

A

see PP for long notes on phases

26
Q

Tend-and-Befriend

A

stress response model, females are biologically predisposed to respond to a threat by nurturing/ protecting offspring and seeking social support. Oxytocin + estrogen combines promotes affiliation-seeking.

27
Q

immunosuppression

A

impairment in immune system functioning… leaves indiv vulnerable to disease

28
Q

Bidirectional links between brain and body (cortisol & cytokines) risk of prolonged response..

A

brain signals adrenal glands to secrete cortisol (stress hormone) when stressor experienced. cytokines (chemicals that fight infection between brain and immune system) elicit fatigue, fever & social withdrawal BH to help with recovery. If response prolonged, at risk for depression.

29
Q

telomeres

A

DNA protein complexes at ends of chromosomes; protect against damage to DNA. telomeres shorten with stress, speeding up the rate at which cells age and leading to shorter life span

30
Q

pessimism

A

tendency to expect negative outcomes. see stressors as personal problems, permanent, and global

31
Q

type A personality

A

intense, angry, competitive, hostile responses to challenging situations. lead to cardo disease, allergies, head colds, headaches, stomach disorders, mono)

32
Q

Locus of Control

A

ability to influence life outcomes

33
Q

internal LOC

A

believe can do much. perception of control fosters belief that stress is manageable, lower stress in general. better immune system and engage in health inducing behaviors

34
Q

external LOC

A

believe they can do little. usually from early exposure to failure.

35
Q

learned helplessness

A

life experiences foster LH (abused/ discouraged children, battered wives, prisoners) dog shock experiement

36
Q

optimism

A

an attitude that interprets stressors as external in original and effects are due to situational, temporary, and specific (pessimist see as personal, permanent, and global problems)

37
Q

hardiness

A

an attitude of resistance to stress based on a sense of challenge (welcome change), commitment/ engagement, and control (maintaining an internal guide for action) promotes healthy coping & can be learned

38
Q

eustress

A

positive response to stressor

39
Q

resiliance

A

the capacity to adapt, achieve well-being and cope with stress in spite of serious threats. buoyant. innate quality that can’t be learned. usually goes hand in hand with hardiness

40
Q

coping strategy

A

action that reduces or eliminated the cause and impact of stress, not the symptoms only: 1) confront the stress 2) identify stressor 3) develop a plan to solve problem or reduce the harm it causes

41
Q

self- efficacy expectations

A

belief that one can bring about desired changes through own effort

42
Q

problem focused coping

A

action taken to clarify and resolve the stressor (concrete plan) EFC then>PFC

43
Q

emotion focused coping

A

regulating own emotional response to a stressor (acceptance; sort through emotions before acting rationally) EFC then>PFC

44
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

reappraising a stressor with the goal of viewing it from a more positive less stressful perspective

45
Q

downward social comparison

A

between own stressful situation and others in a similar sit who are worse off. goal is to view own sit more + (similar to emotion focused coping because feel less anxious after)

46
Q

upward social comparison

A

between own stressful situation and others in a similar sit who are coping more efficiently/ successfully. with the goal of learning from their example (similar to problem focused coping because finds plans/ solutions)

47
Q

positive emotions, sense of humor, (+finding meaning-separate)

A

(SOH) seek out situations to find humor and joy to improve life

48
Q

finding meaning (2 kinds/ways)

A

(sense making) perceive the stressor in a manner consistent with own expectation of the world as predictable, controllable, and nonrandom (benefit finding) finding some ultimate benefit from stressor

49
Q

example of finding meaning in the death of a sick loved one

A

(sense making) everyone dies (benefit finding) at least they’re not suffering in their sickness anymore and I got to spend whatever time I did with them

50
Q

social support (4 types)

A

psychological and physical resources others provide to help an individual cope with adversity (types>) tangible assistance, informational support, physical touch, and emotional listening.

51
Q

3 things associated with positive physical and psychological benefits

A

1) regular exercise (30 min/day) 2) nutrition and diet 3) sleep an meditation

Psychology 100 (13 decks)

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