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BRAIN BATTACK > CH32: Viral Infections, Prion Diseases > Flashcards

CH32: Viral Infections, Prion Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Virus traveling via retrograde axoplasmic transport (p. 763)

A

HSV, VZV, rabies

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2
Q

Certain viruses depend on cell-surface receptors in ingress into the cell. Which virus uses serotonin receptor? (p. 763)

A

JC Virus (to go into the oligodentrocytes)

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3
Q

Most frequent symptom of acute aseptic meningitis (p. 763)

A

Headache

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4
Q

Mild depression of the CSF glucose occurs with meningitis caused by (p. 764)

A

mumps, HSV2, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, VZV

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5
Q

Most common viral causes of acute aseptic meningitis (p. 764)

A

echovirus, Coxsackie virus

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6
Q

Underlies many cases of what has been traditionally considered as idiopathic Bell’s palsy (p. 765)

A

HSV-1

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7
Q

Patients infected by these virus have exanthemata that may be associated with grayish vesicular lesions of oral herpangina (p. 765)

A

Echovirus, Coxsackie virus

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8
Q

Irritability, febrile, seizures but brachial neuritis in adults. Strokes have also been identified but rare (p. 765)

A

Parvovirus

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9
Q

Main organisms causing encephalitis in the immunocompromised (p. 765)

A

HHV6, CMV, VZV

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10
Q

Also associated with HSV2, aseptic meningitis, bladder failure and vaginal or vulvar pain after a bout of genital herpes (p. 767)

A

Elsberg syndrome

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11
Q

Most common sporadic cause of encephalitis and has no seasonal or geographic predilection (p. 769)

A

HSV

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12
Q

Incubation period after mosquito or tick bite transmission duration (p. 770)

A

5 to 15 days

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13
Q

Pathologic finding in Arboviral encephalitis (p. 771)

A

Perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes and other mononuclear leukocytes and plasma cells, as well as patchy infiltration of the meninges with similar cells

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14
Q

HSV 1 or 2: encephalitis (p. 771)

A

HSV 1

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15
Q

HSV 1 or 2: aseptic meningitis, polyradiculitis or myelitis (p. 771)

A

HSV 2

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16
Q

HSV Pathology (p. 771)

A

intense hemorrhagic necrosis of the inferior and medial temporal lobes and mediorbital parts of the frontal lobes

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17
Q

2 route of entry of HSV into the CNS (p. 771)

A
  1. trigeminal ganglia

2. fibers innervating hte leptomeninges of the anerior and middle fossa

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18
Q

EEG finding in HSV encephalitis (p. 772)

A

lateralized periodic high- voltage sharp waves in the temporal regions and slow- wave complexes at regular to 2-3s intervals

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19
Q

Treatment for HSV (p. 772)

A

Acyclovir 30mg/kg/day for 14 to 21 days

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20
Q

Virus associated with encephalitis in patients undergoing stem cell transplant (p. 773)

A

HHV 6

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21
Q

Pathologic finding of Rabies (p. 774)

A

Cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions called Negri bodies

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22
Q

Focal collections of microglia in Rabies patients (p. 774)

A

Babes nodules

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23
Q

Shown to inactivate the rabies virus. Clean the wounds with this one (p. 774)

A

Benzyl ammonium chloride

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24
Q

How to give HRIG (p. 774)

A

20U/kg of body weight; half around the wound, half IM

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25
Q

Cerebellitis most often associated with? (p. 774)

A

Chicken pox

26
Q

Herpes Zoster multiplication in epidermal cells causing swelling, vacuolization, lysis of cell boundaries leading to the formation of these vesicles (p. 775)

A

Lipschutz inclusion bodies

27
Q

Most common site (dermatome) of varicella zoster (p. 776)

A

T5- T10

28
Q

Facial palsy in combination with a herpetic eruption of the external auditory meatus (p. 776)

A

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

29
Q

Acute hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, aphasia, elevated IgG in the CSF in Herpes Zoster (p. 777)

A

Zoster angitis

30
Q

When to give treatment for Herpes Zoster? (p. 777)

A

Acyclovir should begin within approximately 48hours of the appearance of the rash.

31
Q

Other treatment for Herpes Zoster (p. 777)

A

Famciclovir and valacyclovir

32
Q

Severely painful syndrome following chicken pox occurs in how many percent? (p. 778)

A

5-10 percent

33
Q

HIV dementia pathology (p. 780)

A

diffuse and multifocal rarefaction of the cerebral white matter accompanied by scanty perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and clusters of few foamy macrophages, microglial nodules, and multinucleated giant cells

34
Q

HIV dementia described as widespread astrocytosis and microglial activation in the cerebral cortex with little recognizable neuronal loss (p. 780)

A

diffuse poliodystrophy

35
Q

description of HIV neuropathy (p. 780)

A

distal, symmetrical, axonal polyneuropathy, predominantly sensory and dysesthetic in type

36
Q

Treatment of HIV causing myopathy (p. 781)

A

Zidovidine

37
Q

Of focal infectious complications, this is the most frequent focal infectious complications (p. 781)

A

Cerebral toxoplasmosis

38
Q

Alternative treatment for Toxoplasmosis (p. 781)

A

Clindamycin

39
Q

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy found wheen CD4+ counts are below (p. 781)

A

< 50 cell per microliter

40
Q

Among the nonfocal neurologic complications of AIDS, the most common are (p. 781)

A

CMV and cryptococcal

41
Q

Treatment of CMV (p. 782)

A

Ganciclovir, Foscarnet

42
Q

Slowly progressive spastic gait with early sphincter control difficulty and some degree of later proprioceptive loss of Romberg sign (p. 783)

A

HTLV1 Myelopathy

43
Q

Agent used in the treatment of T-cell lymphoma which has been found to have activity against the virus and may have been effective in this disease (p. 783)

A

HTLV 1

44
Q

Reservoir of poliomyelitis (p. 783)

A

Human intestinal tract

45
Q

Bulbar symptoms of poliovirus because this structure is most frequently involved (p. 784)

A

Nucleus ambiguus

46
Q

Earliest histopathologic changes in the anterior horn (p. 784)

A

Central chromatolysis of the nerve cells along with an inflammatory reaction

47
Q

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy occurs in which patients (p. 786)

A

lymphoma, CML, immunodeficient states

48
Q

Characteristic feature in pathology of PML (p. 787)

A

enlargement of oligodendrocytes, some bizarrely shaped with intranuclear inclusions

49
Q

EEG of SSPE (p. 788)

A

periodic (every 5 to 8s) bursts of 2 to 3/s high voltage waves followed by a relatively flat pattern

50
Q

Histopathologic feature of SSPE (p. 788)

A

Eosinophilic inclusions found in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons and glia cells

51
Q

Most extraordinary feature of this diease is appearance of a parkinsonian syndrome after an internal of weeks or months (p. 789)

A

Encephalitis lethargica (von Ecomo disease)

52
Q

Most common type of CJD (p. 791)

A

MM1 and MV1

53
Q

CJD wherein cerebellar ataxia precede the mental changes (p. 791)

A

Brownell- Oppenheimer variant

54
Q

CJD wherein visual disturbances precede the mental changes (p. 791)

A

Heidenhain variant

55
Q

EEG finding in CJD (p. 791)

A

diffuse and nonspecific slowing to stereotyped high voltage slow (1-2Hz) and sharp-wave complexes on an increasingly slow and low-voltage background

56
Q

MRI of CJD (p. 791)

A

hyperintensity of the lenticular nuclei on T2 weighted and diffusion weighted images in the BG and cortex

57
Q

Difference of SSPE and CJD (p. 793)

A

SSPE: children, young adults, elevated CSF IgG

CJD: middle age presenile, CSF normal

58
Q

prion disease wherein: progressive cerebellar ataxia, corticospinal tract signs, dysarthria and nystagmus; less dementia (p. 793)

A

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome

59
Q

Localization of fatal insomnia (p. 793)

A

Medial thalamic nuclei

60
Q

Gene affected in fatal insomnia (p. 793)

A

prion gene at codon 178, methionine at codon 129 on chromosome 20

61
Q

laughing sickness (p. 793)

A

Kuru

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