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BRAIN BATTACK > CH02: Diagnostics > Flashcards

CH02: Diagnostics Flashcards

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1
Q

INR level safe for lumbar puncture

A

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1.5

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2
Q

Platelet level safe for lumbar puncture

A

GREATHER THAN 50,000

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3
Q

Corresponds to the level of the axial plane of the ilac crests

A

L3- L4 Interspace

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4
Q

Normal opening pressure in the adults

A

100 to 190 mm H20 or 8- 14mm Hg

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5
Q

tests for rapid rise in CSF by application of the pressure on the vein

A

Queckenstedt test

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6
Q

Amount of RBCs for one to have a hazy or ground glass appearance

A

200

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7
Q

Amount of RBCs for one to have a pinkish to red color

A

1,000 to 6,000

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8
Q

Most common complication of LP

A

Headache

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9
Q

How many times headache happen post LP

A

One third

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10
Q

PIgiment that discolor the CSF RED

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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11
Q

PIgiment that discolor the CSF CANARY YELLOW

A

Bilirubin

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12
Q

PIgiment that discolor the CSF Brown

A

Methemoglobin

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13
Q

Level of protein when coloration become visible to the naked eye

A

150mg/mL

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14
Q

Normal protein in the lumbar spinal fluid

A

45- 50mg/dL

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15
Q

Normal protein in the basal cisterns

A

10-25 mg/dL

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16
Q

Normal protein in the ventricles

A

5- 15mg/dL

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17
Q

Threshold level of glucose to be considered abnormal

A

35mg/dL

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18
Q

comapre CSF and plasma

A

lower pH, higher pCO2, same HCO3

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19
Q

Enzyme to have proven to be a specific indicator of neurologic disease

A

LDH isoenzymes 4 and 5

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20
Q

Major catabolite of dopamine

A

HVA

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21
Q

Major catabolite of serotonin

A

5HIAA

22
Q

fat - soluble dye used for contrast myelography

A

iophendylate

23
Q

Most abundant element in the tissues

A

Hydrogen

24
Q

Preferential movement of water molecules along a particular direction

A

Anisotropy

25
Q

study detected 2% of aneurysms and 1% of meningiomas in normal population

A

Rotterdam Study

26
Q

MRS substrate that is decreased in both destructive and when there is reduction in the density of neurons

A

N- ACETYL ASPARTATE (NAA)

27
Q

MRS marker of membrane turnover, elevated in some rapidly dividing tumors

A

CHOLINE

28
Q

Alpha waves frequenCy

A

8- 12 Hz

29
Q

Beta waves frequency

A

More than 12

30
Q

Theta waves frequency

A

4-7 Hz

31
Q

Frequency of dominant rhythms in infants

A

3 Hz

32
Q

% of normal EEGs in patients with absence

A

30%

33
Q

% of normal EEGs in patients with Grand Mal

A

50%

34
Q

8- 12 Hz range distributed widely over the hemispheres rather than in its normal location posteriorly

A

Alpha coma

35
Q

Abnormal VEP

A

> 118ms or difference of 9

36
Q

Fraction of MS with no history or clinical evidence of optic nerve involvement

A

1/3

37
Q

Exists in close to 20% of individuals, axons from median nerve cross into the ulnar nerve

A

Martin- Gruber anastomosis

38
Q

Late response: SENSORY

A

H reflex

39
Q

Late response: MOTOR

A

F wave

40
Q

Time it takes for a NORMAL muscle to have decrements in RNS

A

60s

41
Q

spontaneous contraction of a single muscle fiber

A

Fibrillation

42
Q

spontaneous contraction of a group of muscle fibers

A

Fasciculation

43
Q

peristent quivering and rippling of muscles at rest

A

Myokimia

44
Q

myotonia worsens after each succuession of voluntary contractions

A

Paradoxial myotonia

45
Q

generalized form of myokimia, EMG discloses thigh frequency discharges of varying wave forms

A

Isaac syndrome

46
Q

painful muscle spasms and stiffness generated by spinal mechanism

A

Stiffman syndrome

47
Q

Polyphasic MUAP normal in how many % of individuals

A

10%

48
Q

Rain falling on a tin roof

A

Early recruitment

49
Q

Variability of the interpotential interval of successive discharges of two single muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit

A

Jitter

50
Q

Abdominal fat pad biopsy important in what disease

A

Amyloidosis

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