CH02: Diagnostics Flashcards
INR level safe for lumbar puncture
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1.5
Platelet level safe for lumbar puncture
GREATHER THAN 50,000
Corresponds to the level of the axial plane of the ilac crests
L3- L4 Interspace
Normal opening pressure in the adults
100 to 190 mm H20 or 8- 14mm Hg
tests for rapid rise in CSF by application of the pressure on the vein
Queckenstedt test
Amount of RBCs for one to have a hazy or ground glass appearance
200
Amount of RBCs for one to have a pinkish to red color
1,000 to 6,000
Most common complication of LP
Headache
How many times headache happen post LP
One third
PIgiment that discolor the CSF RED
Oxyhemoglobin
PIgiment that discolor the CSF CANARY YELLOW
Bilirubin
PIgiment that discolor the CSF Brown
Methemoglobin
Level of protein when coloration become visible to the naked eye
150mg/mL
Normal protein in the lumbar spinal fluid
45- 50mg/dL
Normal protein in the basal cisterns
10-25 mg/dL
Normal protein in the ventricles
5- 15mg/dL
Threshold level of glucose to be considered abnormal
35mg/dL
comapre CSF and plasma
lower pH, higher pCO2, same HCO3
Enzyme to have proven to be a specific indicator of neurologic disease
LDH isoenzymes 4 and 5
Major catabolite of dopamine
HVA
Major catabolite of serotonin
5HIAA
fat - soluble dye used for contrast myelography
iophendylate
Most abundant element in the tissues
Hydrogen
Preferential movement of water molecules along a particular direction
Anisotropy
study detected 2% of aneurysms and 1% of meningiomas in normal population
Rotterdam Study
MRS substrate that is decreased in both destructive and when there is reduction in the density of neurons
N- ACETYL ASPARTATE (NAA)
MRS marker of membrane turnover, elevated in some rapidly dividing tumors
CHOLINE
Alpha waves frequenCy
8- 12 Hz
Beta waves frequency
More than 12
Theta waves frequency
4-7 Hz
Frequency of dominant rhythms in infants
3 Hz
% of normal EEGs in patients with absence
30%
% of normal EEGs in patients with Grand Mal
50%
8- 12 Hz range distributed widely over the hemispheres rather than in its normal location posteriorly
Alpha coma
Abnormal VEP
> 118ms or difference of 9
Fraction of MS with no history or clinical evidence of optic nerve involvement
1/3
Exists in close to 20% of individuals, axons from median nerve cross into the ulnar nerve
Martin- Gruber anastomosis
Late response: SENSORY
H reflex
Late response: MOTOR
F wave
Time it takes for a NORMAL muscle to have decrements in RNS
60s
spontaneous contraction of a single muscle fiber
Fibrillation
spontaneous contraction of a group of muscle fibers
Fasciculation
peristent quivering and rippling of muscles at rest
Myokimia
myotonia worsens after each succuession of voluntary contractions
Paradoxial myotonia
generalized form of myokimia, EMG discloses thigh frequency discharges of varying wave forms
Isaac syndrome
painful muscle spasms and stiffness generated by spinal mechanism
Stiffman syndrome
Polyphasic MUAP normal in how many % of individuals
10%
Rain falling on a tin roof
Early recruitment
Variability of the interpotential interval of successive discharges of two single muscle fibers belonging to the same motor unit
Jitter
Abdominal fat pad biopsy important in what disease
Amyloidosis
