CH25: Autonomic Nervous System, Respiration, Swallowing Flashcards
Main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic postganglionic connection (p. 547)
Norepinephrine
Main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic postganglionic connection (p. 547)
Acetylcholine
T/F The neurons in the Onuf nucleus tend not to be involved in the degenerative process (p. 551)
T
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal gray matter from (p. 551)
8th cervical to 2nd lumbar segments
How many sympathetic ganglia in the spine (p. 551)
3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 to 6 lumbar
clear vesicles (p. 552)
acetylcholine
dense core (p. 552)
catecholamines/ norepinephrine
Main visceral afferent nucleus (p. 552)
Nucleus tractus solitarius
Highest levels of autonomic integration (p. 552)
Ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortices
Role of hypothalamus in the autonomics (p. 552)
Sympathetic: posterior and lateral; Parasympathetic: anterior
Law stating one neuron elaborates only one neurotransmitter (p. 553)
Dale’s principle
Sensitive to pulse pressure (p. 554)
carotid sinus and aortic arch
Sensitive to alterations of blood volume (p. 554)
R heart chambers and pulmonary vessels
S2-S4 ventrolateral part (p. 555)
Onuf’s nucleus
S2-S4 mediodorsal part (p. 555)
anal sphincter innervation
The dominant neurotransmitter of the enteric nerves (p. 556)
Acetylcholine
Testing of blood pressure and heart rate, orthostatic hypotension (p. 557)
decrease in 30mmHg systolic, 15mmHg diastolic
Most common form of neurally mediated syncope (p. 558)
Mixed syncope
Sensitive measure of the integrity of vagal inhibition of the sinus node (p. 558)
RR intervals 30:15 ratio
Valsalva maneuver to test autonomic dysfunction (p. 560)
Sympathetic: failure of HR to increase during positive intrathoracic pressure of Valsalva; Parasympathetic: failure of the rate to slow during prior of BP overshoot
Preferred method of studying sweating and the function of distal sympathetic fibers (p. 560)
QSART Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test
Phenomenon of denervation hypersensitivity in which an effector organ 2-3 week after denervation becomes hypersensitive to its particular neurotransmitter substance and related drugs (p. 561)
Cannon Law
Deficient in patients with rare form of sympathetic dysautonomia (p. 562)
dopamine b- hydroxylase
POTS antibody (p. 563)
A3 acetylcholine receptor
Mutation in Riley-Day syndrome (p. 565)
IBKAP that codes for protein IKAP
Combination of segmental anhidrosis and an Adie pupil (p. 566)
Ross syndrome
Treatment for Renaud’s phenomenon (p. 568)
Nifedipine
Lower abdominal compression and abdominal straining (p. 569)
Crede maneuver
Cauda equina disease from CMV (p. 569)
Elsberg syndrome
well- delineated pontine nucleus for micturition, that is controversial (p. 570)
Barrington nucleus
Mutation in Hirschsprung disease (p. 571)
RET oncogene; endothelin receptor
Acts as “on-off” switches in the transition between inspiration and expiration (p. 573)
paired neurons in the dorsal pons
Dominant generator of the respiratory rhythm (p. 573)
DRG
Receptors influenced by changes in pH and by hypoxia (p. 574)
chemoreceptors in the carotid artery
less important detectors of hypoxia (p. 574)
Aortic body receptors
Shortened inspiration and decreased tidal volume triggered by excessive lung expansion (p. 574)
Herring-Breur reflex
loss of automatic respiration during sleep with preserved voluntary breathing (p. 575)
Ondine’s curse
How often normal person swallows in a minute? (p. 576)
Once
