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BRAIN BATTACK > CH25: Autonomic Nervous System, Respiration, Swallowing > Flashcards

CH25: Autonomic Nervous System, Respiration, Swallowing Flashcards

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1
Q

Main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic postganglionic connection (p. 547)

A

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic postganglionic connection (p. 547)

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

T/F The neurons in the Onuf nucleus tend not to be involved in the degenerative process (p. 551)

A

T

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4
Q

The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division originate in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal gray matter from (p. 551)

A

8th cervical to 2nd lumbar segments

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5
Q

How many sympathetic ganglia in the spine (p. 551)

A

3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 to 6 lumbar

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6
Q

clear vesicles (p. 552)

A

acetylcholine

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7
Q

dense core (p. 552)

A

catecholamines/ norepinephrine

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8
Q

Main visceral afferent nucleus (p. 552)

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius

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9
Q

Highest levels of autonomic integration (p. 552)

A

Ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortices

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10
Q

Role of hypothalamus in the autonomics (p. 552)

A

Sympathetic: posterior and lateral; Parasympathetic: anterior

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11
Q

Law stating one neuron elaborates only one neurotransmitter (p. 553)

A

Dale’s principle

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12
Q

Sensitive to pulse pressure (p. 554)

A

carotid sinus and aortic arch

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13
Q

Sensitive to alterations of blood volume (p. 554)

A

R heart chambers and pulmonary vessels

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14
Q

S2-S4 ventrolateral part (p. 555)

A

Onuf’s nucleus

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15
Q

S2-S4 mediodorsal part (p. 555)

A

anal sphincter innervation

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16
Q

The dominant neurotransmitter of the enteric nerves (p. 556)

A

Acetylcholine

17
Q

Testing of blood pressure and heart rate, orthostatic hypotension (p. 557)

A

decrease in 30mmHg systolic, 15mmHg diastolic

18
Q

Most common form of neurally mediated syncope (p. 558)

A

Mixed syncope

19
Q

Sensitive measure of the integrity of vagal inhibition of the sinus node (p. 558)

A

RR intervals 30:15 ratio

20
Q

Valsalva maneuver to test autonomic dysfunction (p. 560)

A

Sympathetic: failure of HR to increase during positive intrathoracic pressure of Valsalva; Parasympathetic: failure of the rate to slow during prior of BP overshoot

21
Q

Preferred method of studying sweating and the function of distal sympathetic fibers (p. 560)

A

QSART Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test

22
Q

Phenomenon of denervation hypersensitivity in which an effector organ 2-3 week after denervation becomes hypersensitive to its particular neurotransmitter substance and related drugs (p. 561)

A

Cannon Law

23
Q

Deficient in patients with rare form of sympathetic dysautonomia (p. 562)

A

dopamine b- hydroxylase

24
Q

POTS antibody (p. 563)

A

A3 acetylcholine receptor

25
Q

Mutation in Riley-Day syndrome (p. 565)

A

IBKAP that codes for protein IKAP

26
Q

Combination of segmental anhidrosis and an Adie pupil (p. 566)

A

Ross syndrome

27
Q

Treatment for Renaud’s phenomenon (p. 568)

A

Nifedipine

28
Q

Lower abdominal compression and abdominal straining (p. 569)

A

Crede maneuver

29
Q

Cauda equina disease from CMV (p. 569)

A

Elsberg syndrome

30
Q

well- delineated pontine nucleus for micturition, that is controversial (p. 570)

A

Barrington nucleus

31
Q

Mutation in Hirschsprung disease (p. 571)

A

RET oncogene; endothelin receptor

32
Q

Acts as “on-off” switches in the transition between inspiration and expiration (p. 573)

A

paired neurons in the dorsal pons

33
Q

Dominant generator of the respiratory rhythm (p. 573)

A

DRG

34
Q

Receptors influenced by changes in pH and by hypoxia (p. 574)

A

chemoreceptors in the carotid artery

35
Q

less important detectors of hypoxia (p. 574)

A

Aortic body receptors

36
Q

Shortened inspiration and decreased tidal volume triggered by excessive lung expansion (p. 574)

A

Herring-Breur reflex

37
Q

loss of automatic respiration during sleep with preserved voluntary breathing (p. 575)

A

Ondine’s curse

38
Q

How often normal person swallows in a minute? (p. 576)

A

Once

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