CH10 adaptations Flashcards
1
Q
What is an adaptation
A
- characteristics that increase an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in it’s environment
2
Q
Three groups of adaptation
A
- anatomical
- behavioural
- physiological
3
Q
Anatomical adaptations
A
- physical features
4
Q
Behavioural adaptations
A
- the way an organism acts
5
Q
Physiological adaptations
A
- processes that take place in an organism
6
Q
Examples of anatomical adaptations
A
- body covering
- camouflage
- teeth
- mimicry
7
Q
Body covering
A
- includes hair, scales, spines, feathers and shells
- help to fly, stay warm, provide protection
8
Q
Camouflage
A
- outer colour of an animal allows it to blend into its environment
- makes it harder for predators to spot it
9
Q
Teeth
A
- shape and type of teeth in an animals jaw are related to its diet
10
Q
Mimicry
A
- copying another animals appearance or sounds
- fool predators into thinking its poisonous or dangerous
11
Q
Marram grass
A
- found on sand dunes
- adapted to live in environments with little water
12
Q
Adaptations of marram grass
A
- curled leaves to minimise surface area of moist tissue exposed to the air
- hairs on inside surface of leaves traps moist air close to the leaf, reducing diffusion gradient
- stomata sunk into pits, making them less likely to open and lose water
- thick waxy cuticle on leaves and stems to reduce water loss
13
Q
Examples of behavioural adaptations
A
- survival behaviours
- courtship
- seasonal behaviours
14
Q
Survival behaviours
A
- for example playing dead
15
Q
Courtship
A
- many animals exhibit elaborate courtship behaviours to attract a mate
- increases organisms chance of reproducing
16
Q
Seasonal behaviours
A
- enable organism to cope with changes in environment
- includes migration and hibernation
17
Q
Innate behavioural adaptations
A
- ability to do this is inherited through genes
18
Q
Learned behavioural adaptations
A
- learnt from experience or observing other animals
19
Q
Examples of physiological adaptations
A
- poison production
- antibiotic production
- water holding
20
Q
Analogous structure
A
- structures adapted to perform the same function with different genetic origin
21
Q
Convergent evolution
A
- occurs when unrelated species begin to share similar traits
- occurs as adapt to similar environments or other selection pressures
22
Q
Example of convergent evolution
A
- marsupials in australia and placental mammals in the americas
23
Q
Marsupial and placental mice
A
- both small, agile climbers that live in dense underground cover and forage at night for small food items
- two mice are very similar in size and body shape
24
Q
Flying phalanges and flying squirrels
A
- both gliders that eat insects and plants
- skin is stretched between their forelimbs and hind limbs to provide a large surface area for gliding from one tree to the next
