Ch. 9 Vitamins Flashcards
fat soluble vitamins are…
Vitamins A, D, E, and K
fat soluble vitamins require ____ and ____ for absorption
bile, dietary fat
where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed into? via what?
the lymphatic system, chylomicrons
fat soluble vitamins (can/cannot) be stored in body fat so intakes (can/cannot) vary without risk of deficiency
can, can
because fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fat, they are ______
not easily excreted
vitamin A is either found in _____ or _______
preformed (animal foods/supplements)
or precursor form (plant foods)
preformed vitamin A compounds are known as…
retinoids
plants contain precursors to vitamin A called…
carotenoids
vitamin A plays a role in…
- night vision
- cell differentiation
- growth regulation
vitamin A sources (top 3)
beef liver, carrots, cooked mustard greens
in terms of night vision, deficiency of vitamin A causes ________ to be delayed.
rhodopsin regeneration
when vitamin A status is normal, vitamin A from the blood replaces any ______ from the cycle
retinal lost
normal vitamin A status can lead to _____ while vitamin A deficiency can lead to _____
mucus that is moist/lubricating, keratin that is hard/dry
__________ can be toxic if taken in high amounts
preformed vitamin A
vitamin D is also known as _____
cholecalciferol
vitamin D (is/is not) toxic at high levels
is
there is ______ on the categories of food that can be fortified with vitamin D
strict limitation
vitamin D is important for…
- bone health
- normal parathyroid gland function
- immune system
dietary sources of vitamin D (top 3)
salmon*, milk, eggs
the body (can/cannot) make vitamin D
can (through UV light activation occurring in skin)
vitamin D deficiency in children
Rickets
vitamin D deficiency in adults
osteomalacia
Oversupplementation of vitamin D can result in ______ calcium concentrations, depositing of
calcium in ______ and kidneys, and _______
high
blood and urine, blood vessels, CVD, death
vitamin E is also known as
tocopherol
