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x.FSCN 4612W > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The DRI recommendations for macronutrients and micronutrients include ____________

A

four different sets of reference values

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2
Q

references used to evaluate the nutrient intake of _____, meet the needs of ___ of people in the same gender and life-stage group

A

populations; Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), 50%

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3
Q

reference that can be used as goals for ______ intake and to plan or evaluate ____ diets

A

individual, individual; Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and Adequate Intakes (AIs)

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4
Q

references that recommend a limit above which nutrient toxicities are more likely, maximum without risks

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)

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5
Q

RDA values are ___ than the EARs bc they __________-

A

higher, meet the needs of nearly all individuals

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6
Q

the DRIs make recommendations for the proportions of carbohydrate, fat, and protein that make up a healthy diet expressed as ranges/proportions is called _________, expressed as ___ (usually)

A

Acceptable Macronutrent Distribution Ranges (AMDRs); percentage

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7
Q

recommendations for energy intake (kcal) needed to ensure a stable weight in a healthy individual are called __________

A

Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs)

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8
Q

MyPlate recommendation: fruit

A

2 cups

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9
Q

MyPlate recommendation: veggies

A

2.5 cups

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10
Q

MyPlate recommendation: grains

A

6 oz

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11
Q

MyPlate recommendation: protein

A

5.5 oz

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12
Q

MyPlate recommendation: dairy

A

3 cups

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13
Q

MyPlate recommended limits: sodium

A

2300mg

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14
Q

MyPlate recommended limits: saturated fat

A

22g

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15
Q

MyPlate recommended limits: added sugar

A

50g

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16
Q

nutrition guideline published in 1956. what were the food groups?

A

The Basic Four; milk, meat, veggies/fruit, breads/cereal

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17
Q

nutrition guideline published in 1992. what were the food groups (6)?

A

Food Guide Pyramid; bread/cereal, fruit group, veggie group, meat/poultry, milk/yogurt, fats/oils

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18
Q

nutrition guideline published in 2005; added an _____ component not seen in previous. what were the food groups?

A

MyPyramid; exercise; grains, veggies, fruit, milk, oils, meat/beans

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19
Q

nutrition guideline introduced in 2011; what were the food groups? what’s important to note?

A

MyPlate; fruits, veggies, grains, protein, dairy; current guideline

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20
Q

DRIs address…

A
  • excess consumption

- nutrient deficiencies

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21
Q

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) breakdown (2)

A

Nutrient intake recommendations, energy intake recommendations

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22
Q

types of nutrient intake recommendations (4)

A
  • estimated average requirement (EAR)
  • recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
  • adequate intake (AI)
  • tolerable upper intake level (UL)
23
Q

types of energy intake recommendations (2)

A
  • estimated energy requirement (EER)

- Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)

24
Q

DRIs have been developed for __ nutrient groups. what are they?

A

six. ..
- Ca, P, Mg, vitamin D, F
- B vitamins and choline
- Vit C, Vit E, selenium, beta-carotene
- energy/macronutrients
- electrolytes and H2O

25
Dietary Guidelines for Americans/evidence-based recommendations are updated every ___ years; book has 2015-2020, and we (do/do not) have current recommendations
five, do have current
26
the amount of a nutrient in a food shown as a percentage of the recommendation for a person consuming a 2000kcal diet
Daily Value
27
___% = Daily Value low in a nutrient
<5%
28
___% = Daily Value high in a nutrient
>20%
29
food labels list amounts of certain _____ expressed as a ____
macro-/micro-nutrient; Daily Value
30
Nutrition Label updates (4) (see slide)
- serving size = better reflection of what people actually eat - Daily Value % updated - includes added sugar - nutrients considered "at-risk" for American diets included
31
ingredients list ordered by ____ in ____
prominence, weight
32
mark that meets certain manufacturing practices for dietary supplements; (does/does not) mean it's necessarily "good"; supplements don't need to by approved by ___
USP verified; does not; FDA
33
three types of claims on labels
- nutrient content claim - health claim - structure/function claim
34
in a nutrient content claim, ____ means a product must contain 25% less of a nutrient or energy than the regular product
reduced
35
example of a health claim (in a label claim)
sodium intake/risk of high BP
36
example of a structure/function claim
fiber maintains bowel regularity
37
four methods to assess dietary intake
- 24 hour recall - food diary or food intake record - food frequency questionnaire - diet history
38
method to assess diet that relies on participants memory, typically conducted over phone, used in large cohorts; considered ____
24 hour recall, reliable
39
method to assess diet that is a real-time meal consumption record, considered ____ and ____ (due to changing diet knowing participants are recording it)
food diary/food intake record, reliable, unreliable at times
40
method to assess diet that are used to look at food intake patterns, inexpensive, used in research
food frequency questionnaire
41
method to assess diet that is used alongside intake record to look at food patterns (ex: look at cooking habits)
diet history
42
nutrient deficiency (takes/does not take) time to develop
takes time
43
nutrient analysis tools can include...
MyPlate, food labels, nutrient content tables, computer programs
44
in addition to nutrient intake, info about an individual's ________ is needed, such as _________
physical health; anthropometric (height/weight), medical history, lab measurements
45
stages of nutrient intake
1. inadequate intake 2. decreased stores/tissue levels 3. altered biochemical and physiological functions 4. physical signs/symptoms of deficiency
46
assessment tools for (1) inadequate intake
- dietary evaluation | - med history/lab tests
47
assessment tools for (2) decreased stores/tissue levels
- Lab tests | - Anthropometric
48
assessment tools for (3) altered biochemical and physiological functions
lab tests
49
assessment tools for (4) physical signs/symptoms of deficiency
physical exam and anthropometrics
50
nutritional assessment of population tool
- monitor food supply (overestimated, interviews helpful) | - surveillance studies (NHANES)
51
Assessments conducted through NHANES
- 24 hour recall - nutrition-related interview - anthropometric measurements - lab measurements - clinical assessments
52
choice/exchange foods have the same amount of ____
kcal
53
qualified health claims must...
have a statement of explanation

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