Ch. 10 Water & Electrolytes

Question 1

water (is/is not) an essential nutrient that must be consumed for survival

Answer 1

is

Question 2

water is a ___ solvent in the body

Answer 2

polar

Question 3

blood is __% water

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

water maintains ____ balance

Answer 4

acid-base

Question 5

water functions…

• functions as a _______
• regulates _______

Answer 5

• lubricant/cleanser

- body temp by holding heat and changing temp slowly

Question 6

water lubrication examples

Answer 6

• tears
• synovial fluid
• saliva
• spinal fluid protects against shock

Question 7

total body water content = __%
_/3 intracellular
_/3 extracellular

Answer 7

60%, 2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF

Question 8

water content of body tissues
blood = 
muscle = 
bone = 
adipocyte =

Answer 8

blood = 90%
muscle = 75%
bone = 25%
adipocyte = 10%

Question 9

hydrolysis ___; dehydration ____

Answer 9

hydrolysis separates, dehydration adds

Question 10

blood pH =

Answer 10

7.4 plus or minus 0.05

Question 11

____ draws forces water into tissues; ____ draws water out of tissues back into capillaries

Answer 11

higher BP, lower BP

Question 12

water intake
fluids/beverages =
food =

Answer 12

fluids = 75-80%
foods = 20-25%

Question 13

___% of water is absorbed in the GI tract by ____

Answer 13

95%, osmosis

Question 14

rate of water absorption is impacted by ______ and _______

Answer 14

volume of water consumed, concentration of nutrients/solvents

Question 15

kidneys regulate urinary excretion via ______

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

thirst signals in the brain are triggered by ___ in blood volume and ___ in dissolved substances

Answer 16

decrease; increased concentration

Question 17

in response to decr. water and incr. solutes, _______ secretes ___

Answer 17

pituitary gland, ADH

Question 18

___ signals the ____ to increase amount of water reabsorbed to bloodstream

Answer 18

ADH, kidneys

Question 19

dehydration % symptoms - loss of 2%

Answer 19

headache, fatigue, dark urine

Question 20

symptoms - loss of 5%

Answer 20

nausea, difficulty concentrating

Question 21

symptoms - loss of 7%

Answer 21

confusion, disorientation

Question 22

symptoms - loss of 10%+

Answer 22

death

Question 23

chronic dehydration = incr risk of…

Answer 23

kidney stones, UTI, stoke

Question 24

who is most at risk for dehyrdation?

Answer 24

athletes, older adults

Question 25

replacing sweat with water instead of electrolytes causes _________

Answer 25

tissue swelling via osmosis

Question 26

symptoms of water toxicity

Answer 26

nausea, muscle cramps, disorientation, slurred speech, confusion

Question 27

any charged ion is a ______

Answer 27

chemical electrolyte

Question 28

we consider these 3 to be nutritional electrolytes

Answer 28

sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-)

Question 29

nutritional electrolytes regulate _______ in body via ____

Answer 29

fluid balance, osmosis

Question 30

food processing generally ___ sodium and ___ potassium

Answer 30

increases, decreases

Question 31

sources of dietary salt in US adults

Answer 31

77% food processing 12% naturally in food 11% added during cooking or at table

Question 32

Na-K pump Na primarily in ____ K primarily in ____

Answer 32

extracellular; intracellular

Question 33

___ are primary regulators of electrolyte balance

Answer 33

kidneys

Question 34

low electrolyte intake = ______

Answer 34

decreased renal excretion

Question 35

high electrolyte intake = ________

Answer 35

increased renal excretion

Question 36

change in blood pressure activate or inhibit _______

Answer 36

RAAS signaling cascade

Question 37

the minimum and maximum arterial pressures generated when the heart contracts and returns to rest

Answer 37

blood pressure

Question 38

water (is/is not) stored in the body

Answer 38

is NOT

Question 39

renin --> ____; ___ --> ____ &_____

Answer 39

angiotensin II; angiotensin II, constrict BV and stimulate aldosterone release