Ch. 6 Protein Flashcards
protein deficiency is ____ in the US
rare
as a country’s economy improves, proportion of _________ tends to increase
animal foods in the diet
animal products provide sources of protein, ____ and minerals such as _____
B vitamins; iron, Zn, Ca
plant source of protein are also a good source of ________
B vitamins, Fe, Zn, fiber, phytochemical and Ca (but in less absorbable forms)
building blocks of protein
amino acid
each AA contains a central __ atom plus ___, ___, ____, ____
Carbon
- H atom
- Amino group
- acid group
- side chain
______ cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet
essential amino acids
___ essential AA, ___ nonessential AA
9, 11
__ of 11 nonessential AA may be considered conditionally essential
6
when a nonessential AA is not available in the diet, it can be made in the body by the process of ___
transamination
AA are linked by _____
peptide bonds
____ are formed between two AA
____ are formed between many AA
dipeptide; polypeptides
a protein is made of _____ folded into a __ shape
one or more polypeptide chains; 3D
protein ___ determines ___
shape, function
CT proteins and collagen are ____; hemoglobin is ____
elongated, spherical
denaturation is when a protein becomes “____”
“unfolded”
in the stomach, ___ and ____ begin the chemical digestion of protein
hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin
in the SI, ________ enzymes are secreted from the pancreas
protein-digesting enzymes
HCL transforms/activates inactive ___ to pepsin to begin protein digestion
pepsinogen
________ and _____ can enter the mucosal cell. Once inside, they are broken down into ____
dipeptides, tripeptides; single AA
