Ch. 9 Muscle Tissues (E2)

Question 1

Name the 4 functions of muscle tissue.

Answer 1

1) Movement
2) Posture
3) Stabilize joints
4) Generate heat

Question 2

Name the 4 characteristics of muscle tissue.

Answer 2

1) Excitability
2) Contractility
3) Extensibility
4) Elasticity

Question 3

A bundle of muscle fibers, i.e., myocetes, covered by perimysium.

Answer 3

What are fascicles?

Question 4

Sarcolemma acts as the…

Answer 4

Cell membrane

Question 5

Sarcoplasm acts as the…

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Thread-like, parallel structures that are fundamental to muscle contraction.

Answer 6

What are myofibrils?

Question 7

Myofibrils are composed of repeating segments/units called…

Answer 7

Sarcomeres

Question 8

Sarcomeres contain the { }: actin and myosin.

Answer 8

Myofilaments

Question 9

End boundary of a sarcomere.

Answer 9

What is a Z-disc?

Question 10

Describe actin.

Answer 10

Thin, light bands attached at the Z-disc

Question 11

Describe myosin.

Answer 11

Thick, dark banks at the center of a sarcomere

Question 12

How do troponin and tropomyosin block muscle contraction?

Answer 12

They surround actin, preventing it from latching onto myosin

Question 13

Nerve cell + muscle fiber =

Answer 13

Motor neuron

Question 14

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

To act as a specialized smooth ER that runs parallel to myofibrils and stores calcium

Question 15

What is the function of transverse tubules?

Answer 15

To pass through muscle cells to conduct electrical signal for contraction

Question 16

The synaptic connection between a muscle fiber and its motor neuron.

Answer 16

What is the neuromuscular junction?

Question 17

Process in which neurotransmitters are exocytosed from the end of the motor neuron onto the muscle fiber.

Answer 17

What is synaptic transmission?

Question 18

Motor neuron stimulation begins with the…

Answer 18

Action potential

Question 19

What are the 5 major components of excitation/contraction coupling?

Answer 19

1) Action potential
2) Post-synaptic cholinergic receptors
3) Muscle impulse
4) Calcium release
5) Contraction

Question 20

What is the name of the neurotransmitter involved in excitation/contraction coupling?

Answer 20

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 21

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine.

Answer 21

What is acetylcholinesterase?

Question 22

How do Ach receptors contribute to the action potential?

Answer 22

They open ion channels that allow the action potential to move throughout the muscle fibers

Question 23

How does botulism affect muscle contraction?

Answer 23

It inhibits Ach release, which prevents the action potential from moving to other muscle fibers

Question 24

How does snake venom affect muscle contraction?

Answer 24

It blocks Ach binding