Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology I > Ch. 5 The Integumentary System (E2) > Flashcards

Ch. 5 The Integumentary System (E2) Flashcards

1
Q

Protein hormones that stimulate growth and repair.

A

What is the epidermal growth factor?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These cells synthesize the waterproofing protein, keratin.

A

What are keratinocytes?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These cells make melanin.

A

What are melanocytes?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Also called dendritic cells, these migrate from the bone marrow and are considered immune activators.

A

What are Langerhans cells?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These cells are located in the deep epidermis and are used for touch & light pressure.

A

What are Merkel cells?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 2 types of Merkel cells.

A

1) Mechanoreceptors
2) Cutaneous receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the 5 strata of the epidermis from top to bottom.

A

1) Stratum corneum
2) Stratum lucidum
3) Stratum granulosum
4) Stratum spinosum
5) Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do blisters and calluses form in the stratum lucidum?

A

As a means of extra protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The keratinocytes located in the stratum spinosum are connected by…

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of the desmosome?

A

Mediating cell-cell adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The stratum basale is composed of a single layer of { } cells.

A

Stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 2 types of cells does the stratum basale generate?

A

1) Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In which layer of the epidermis is mitosis actively occurring?

A

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 3 types of cells comprise the dermis, and what are their functions?

A

1) Fibroblasts - make protein fibers
2) Macrophages - immune
3) Adipocytes - fat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles are located in the { } layer of the dermis.

A

Papillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

Sensory receptor for light touch/pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are located in the { } layer of the dermis.

A

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Sensory receptor for deep pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The subcutaneous layer binds the { } layer to the underlying { }.

A

1) Reticular
2) Organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which amino acid is responsible for melanin?

A

Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the protective factor of melanin?

A

It decreases UV ray absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This skin disorder is characterized by a lack of melanin, making the afflicted more sensitive to UV light.

A

What is albinism?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A yellow-orange pigment found in plants.

A

What is carotene?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carotene is the precursor to…

A

Vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This blood “pigment” makes Caucasian people look pink.

A

What is hemoglobin?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why does hemoglobin make Caucasian people look pink?

A

Dermal capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Condition of hemoglobin depleted of oxygen, causing a bluish tint.

A

What is cyanosis?

28
Q

Liver disorder that turns the skin yellow.

A

What is jaundice?

29
Q

What is the mechanism behind jaundice turning the skin yellow?

A

An increase in bile derivatives from heme recycling

30
Q

Hair helps decrease { } loss.

A

Heat

31
Q

In which portion of the hair will you find stem cells?

A

In the bulb

32
Q

What tissue comprises the hair follicle papillae?

A

Areolar connective tissue

33
Q

What is the function of follicle papillae?

A

To provide nourishment via blood vessels

34
Q

What is the function of the hair root plexus?

A

To house nerve endings for sensation

35
Q

What are the 2 biochemical components behind male pattern baldness?

A

1) Genetics
2) Increased DHT

36
Q

How does Rogaine correct male pattern baldness?

A

It is a vasodilator that increases blood flow to the follicle, thus, nourishing the follicle

37
Q

This type of melanin is responsible for brown and black hair.

A

What is eumelanin?

38
Q

This type of melanin is responsible for blonde and red hair.

A

What is pheomelanin?

39
Q

Which form of melanin does not protect from UV light? Eumelanin or pheomelanin?

A

Pheomelanin

40
Q

Grey hair is caused by a { } of melanin.

A

Decrease

41
Q

White hair is caused by { } melanin that is replaced with { }.

A

1) Missing
2) Air bubbles

42
Q

In which two locations will you not find sebaceous glands?

A

Palms and soles

43
Q

What are the 4 functions of sebaceous glands?

A

1) Moistens hair
2) Decrease water loss
3) Keep skin pliable/flexible
4) Decrease most bacterial growth

44
Q

Why is apocrine sweat more viscous than eccrine/merocrine?

A

Apocrine glands have more fat and protein

45
Q

This sweat gland responds to stress and sexual excitement.

A

What is apocrine?

46
Q

Mammary glands secrete…

A

Milk

47
Q

Ceruminous glands are modified { } glands that make { }.

A

1) Sudoriferous/sweat
2) Cerumen/earwax

48
Q

Cerumen/earwax prevents…

A

Microbe penetration

49
Q

This burn affects the surface epithelium, resulting in pain e.g. sunburn.

A

What is 1st degree?

50
Q

This burn extends through to the dermis, resulting in edema, pain, and blisters.

A

What is 2nd degree?

51
Q

This burn extends through to the hypodermis, resulting in numbness.

A

What is 3rd degree?

52
Q

Why do 3rd-degree burns result in numbness?

A

Sensory receptors have been destroyed

53
Q

Why could 3rd-degree burns be fatal?

A

Intense dehydration

54
Q

This skin cancer originates in the stratum basale, is the most common type, and is fairly non-invasive.

A

What is basal cell carcinoma?

55
Q

This skin cancer originates in the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and could potentially metastasize.

A

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

56
Q

This skin cancer is the most aggressive and most likely to metastasize.

A

What is melanoma?

57
Q

Why is melanoma most likely to metastasize?

A

Increased melanocyte migration

58
Q

Mitotic wound healing only occurs in the…

A

Epidermis

59
Q

Inflammation and clotting occur in the…

A

Dermis

60
Q

What causes inflammation and clotting in the dermis?

A

Fibroblast protein secretions repairing the matrix

61
Q

Thermoregulation occurs via { } feedback.

A

Negative

62
Q

How does sensation occur?

A

All sensory receptors send input to the brain

63
Q

The vitamin D precursor is…

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

64
Q

7-dehydrocholesterol exposed to sunlight forms…

A

Cholecalciferol

65
Q

The { } and { } convert cholecalciferol to { }.

A

1) Kidneys
2) Liver
3) Calcitriol/Vitamin D3

Anatomy & Physiology I (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions