Ch. 22 Adaptive Immunity (E4) Flashcards
In what 2 ways does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?
1) Specificity
2) Memory
Antibody-mediated adaptive immunity occurs via…
B Cells
Cell-mediated adaptive immunity occurs via…
T cells
In both B and T cells, antigens have antigenic { } on their surface that are recognized by lymphocyte antigen { }.
1) Determinants
2) Receptors
Helper T cells secrete { } onto B cells.
Interleukins
When B cells proliferate, become either { } or { }.
1) Plasma cells
2) Memory cells
What are the 5 immunoglobin classes of antibodies (HINT: Ignorant-Gregory Made Andy (has gluten allergy) Eat Donuts)?
1) IgG
2) M
3) A
4) E
5) D
Region of antibody with similar structures per class and mostly combine with other immune cells or part of the complement protein system
What is constant?
Region of antibody that is antigen-specific and has antigen binding sites
What is variable?
Name the 5 functions of an antibody.
1) Neutralize antigens
2) Agglutination
3) Activating complement protein system
4) Releasing histamines
5) Phacocytosis
What is the difference between the primary and secondary responses of an antibody (HINT: memory vs. no memory)?
Primary - antigen stimulates B cell division to make antibodies and memory cells; slow response
Secondary - memory cells make new plasma cells and more memory cells; fast response
Pre-B cells come from { } and mature in { }.
1) Lymphoblasts (bone marrow stem cells)
2) Bone marrow
Like B cells, T cells also develop from lymphoblasts. However, instead of maturing in the bone marrow, they mature in the…
Thymus
True or False: T cells directly attack antigens.
True
These T cells lyse infected, defective, and foreign cells via perforin and produce cytokines (interferons & interleukins) to promote phagocytosis and inflammation.
What are cytotoxic?
These T cells aid in the proliferation and activation of cytotoxic T cells.
What are helpers?
These T cells suppress overactivity and autoimmune response.
What are regulatory?
These T cells improve response to secondary exposure.
What are memory?
What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
Active - building your own antibodies
Passive - antibodies transferred to you
Give an example of natural active immunity.
Getting sick the first time and developing a strong memory response for the next time you get sick
Give an example of artificial active immunity.
COVID-19 vaccine
Give an example of natural passive immunity.
Antibodies passed through breastmilk
Give an example of artificial passive immunity.
Receiving antibodies via monoclonal therapy
Do antibodies from natural passive immunity last forever?
No
