Ch. 8 Joints (E2) Flashcards
Point of contact between bones, cartilage, and bones or between the teeth and bones.
What is a joint/articulation?
What are the 3 structural classifications of a joint?
1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous
3) Synovial
This joint has no cavity and is held together by connective tissue.
What is fibrous?
This joint has no cavity and is held together by cartilage.
What is cartilaginous?
This joint is a cavity surrounded by an articular capsule.
What is synovial?
Synarthroses are { } joints.
Immovable
What are the 3 types of synarthroses?
1) Suture (seam)
2) Gomphosis (bolt together)
3) Synchondrosis
An example of a suture is the thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that units the { } bones.
Skull
In what 2 ways do a suture’s interlocking edges help the skull?
1) Increase strength
2) Decrease risk of fractures
This suture is situated between the frontal and parietal bones.
What is coronal?
The gomphosis is a fibrous joint, similar to a { } in a socket.
Peg
Give an example of a gomphosis.
The roots of the teeth in the sockets of the alveolar processes.
The synchondrosis is the only synarthrosis connected by { } cartilage.
Hyaline
Give an example of a synchondrosis.
Epiphyseal plate
Amphiarthroses are { } movable joints.
Slightly
A syndesmosis is an amphiarthrosis that is similar to a { } but has more { } connective tissue so that it is not as { }.
1) Suture
2) Fibrous
3) Tight
Give an example of a syndesmosis.
Distal articulation between the tibia and fibula.
A symphysis is a joint connected by a broad, flat { } disc.
Fibrocartilage
Give 2 examples of a symphysis.
1) Intervertebral discs
2) Pubic symphysis
Synathroses, also called { } joints, are { } movable.
1) Synovial
2) Freely
Space that separates articulating bones.
What is the synovial cavity?
Hyaline cartilage that covers the surface of an articulation (epiphysis) to reduce friction.
What is articular cartilage?
Sleeve that encloses the synovial cavity and unites bones.
What is the articular capsule?
Name the 2 layers of the articular capsule and what makes them distinct.
1) Outer - fibrous tissue
2) Inner - synovial membrane (makes synovial fluid)
These provide extra strength inside and outside the capsule.
What are accessory ligaments?
Pads of fibrocartilage shaped to fit between bone surfaces.
What are articular discs/menisci?
Fluid-filled sacs inside the synovial cavity to reduce high friction stress points.
What are bursae?
This type of joint goes side to side.
What is plane/gliding?
This type of joint swings back and forth like a door.
What is hinge?
This joint is a rounded surface within a ring formed by another bone and the adjoining ligament.
What is pivot?
This joint is an oval condyle in a cavity.
What is condyloid/ellipsoid?
This joint is very similar to legs on a saddle.
What is saddle?
This joint is very similar to a ball in a cup.
What is ball-and-socket?
“Microscopic” surgery using small incisions and minimal cutting.
What is arthroscopy?
Joint replacement.
What is arthroplasty?
Knee injuries, such as ACL and meniscal tears, require the use of…
Surgical grafts
A displaced bone due to the tearing of ligaments, tendons, or articular capsules.
What is dislocation?
A circumduction-related injury seen in baseball pitchers, causing damage to the muscles and tendons of the glenohumeral joint.
What is a rotator cuff tear?
Degenerative, bone-on-bone inflammation, swelling, and pain.
What is osteoarthritis?
An autoimmune disorder where the synovial joint’s soft tissues get replaced with bone and fuse together.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
The acute or chronic inflammation of bursae due to high friction, causing swelling and pain.
What is bursitis?
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
Sprain - ligament tear
Strain - muscle tear
