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Anatomy & Physiology I > Ch. 23 Respiratory System (E3) > Flashcards

Ch. 23 Respiratory System (E3) Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygen uptake is for…

A

Aerobic respiration

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2
Q

Carbon dioxide is removed as…

A

Waste

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3
Q

The space/passageway in the nose.

A

What is the nasal cavity?

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4
Q

This structure divides the nasal cavity.

A

What is the nasal septum?

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5
Q

These 3 passages have nasal conchae and help increase surface area.

A

What are the superior, middle, and inferior meatuses?

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6
Q

The pharynx extends from the internal { } to the { } of the larynx.

A

1) Nares
2) Epiglottis

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7
Q

What type of tissue in the nasopharynx allows for filtration?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)

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8
Q

What type of cells allow for mucus production in the nasopharynx?

A

Goblet cells

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9
Q

The nasopharynx is { } to the nasal cavity.

A

Posterior

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10
Q

The nasopharynx { } pressure between the { } and { } via the { } tube.

A

1) Equalizes
2) Pharynx
3) Middle ear
4) Pharyngotympanic

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11
Q

The oropharynx extends from the end of the soft palate to the…

A

Laryngopharynx

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12
Q

The laryngopharynx connects the esophagus to the…

A

Larynx

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13
Q

Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.

A

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx

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14
Q

This laryngeal structure is made of hyaline cartilage and changes shape/size during puberty.

A

What is the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple)?

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15
Q

This laryngeal structure is made of elastic cartilage, opens for air, and closes for food.

A

What is the epiglottis?

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16
Q

This laryngeal structure is located in the space with the vocal cords.

A

What is the glottis?

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17
Q

These laryngeal structures allow for vocalization.

A

What are vocal folds (true vocal cords)?

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18
Q

Air force, pitch, and frequency all have a { } correlation.

A

Direct

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19
Q

The trachea divides into the…

A

Bronchi

20
Q

What is the flowchart from left & right bronchus to alveolus?

(8 steps)

A

1) Right/left bronchus
2) Lobar
3) Segmental
4) Bronchioles
5) Terminal bronchioles
6) Alveolar ducts
7) Alveolar sacs
8) Alveolus

21
Q

What is the difference between types 1 and 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli?

A

Type 1 - thin squamous epithelium devoted to gas exchange

Type 2 - secretory cells that produce surfactant

22
Q

What tissue is found in alveoli and the alveolar capillary?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

23
Q

Another term for simple squamous epithelium.

A

What is endothelium?

24
Q

What is the environmental mechanism behind pulmonary ventilation?

A

Pressure gradient established between atmosphere and alveoli causes gas exchange

25
Q

The dome-shaped organ makes up the floor of the thoracic cavity.

A

What is the diaphragm?

26
Q

This nerve innervates the diaphragm.

A

What is the phrenic nerve?

27
Q

What does the diaphragm do to expand the thoracic cavity?

A

Contract

28
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to…

A

Flatten

29
Q

Contraction of the external intercostals causes the ribcage to…

A

Expand

30
Q

Name the 3 accessory muscles that are active during labored breathing.

A

1) Sternocleidomastoid
2) Scalenes
3) Pectoralis minor

31
Q

Elastic recoil during expiration/exhalation causes the tissues of the chest wall and lungs to bounce back. What is causing this phenomenon?

A

The inward pulling of surface tension due to water polarity in the lungs

32
Q

During expiration/exhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostals…

A

Relax

33
Q

Contracting the internal intercostals allows for { } expiration.

A

Forced

34
Q

The air pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) is at { } pressure.

A

Atmospheric

35
Q

When the size of the thoracic cavity increases during inspiration, the intrapleural pressure…

A

Decreases

36
Q

Inspiring causes a { } in lung pressure that is { } than atmospheric pressure.

A

1) Decrease
2) Less

37
Q

What 3 things cause coughing, sneezing, and yawning?

A

1) Irritants
2) CO2 levels
3) Medulla

38
Q

During expiration/exhalation, the thoracic cavity { } in size, which causes intrapleural pressure to { }.

A

1) Decrease
2) Increase

39
Q

If alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric during inhalation, then that pressure is { } during exhalation.

A

Greater

40
Q

The measure of ventilation rates and volumes.

A

What is spirometry?

41
Q

Normal tidal volume

A

500 ml

42
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

3000 ml

43
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

1100 ml

44
Q

Residual volume

A

1200 ml

45
Q

Law stating that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure independent of other gases.

A

What is Dalton’s law?

46
Q

What is the formula for calculating partial pressure?

A

P(atm) * % gas in air

47
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology I (29 decks)

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