Ch. 23 Respiratory System (E3) Flashcards
Oxygen uptake is for…
Aerobic respiration
Carbon dioxide is removed as…
Waste
The space/passageway in the nose.
What is the nasal cavity?
This structure divides the nasal cavity.
What is the nasal septum?
These 3 passages have nasal conchae and help increase surface area.
What are the superior, middle, and inferior meatuses?
The pharynx extends from the internal { } to the { } of the larynx.
1) Nares
2) Epiglottis
What type of tissue in the nasopharynx allows for filtration?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)
What type of cells allow for mucus production in the nasopharynx?
Goblet cells
The nasopharynx is { } to the nasal cavity.
Posterior
The nasopharynx { } pressure between the { } and { } via the { } tube.
1) Equalizes
2) Pharynx
3) Middle ear
4) Pharyngotympanic
The oropharynx extends from the end of the soft palate to the…
Laryngopharynx
The laryngopharynx connects the esophagus to the…
Larynx
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.
1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx
This laryngeal structure is made of hyaline cartilage and changes shape/size during puberty.
What is the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple)?
This laryngeal structure is made of elastic cartilage, opens for air, and closes for food.
What is the epiglottis?
This laryngeal structure is located in the space with the vocal cords.
What is the glottis?
These laryngeal structures allow for vocalization.
What are vocal folds (true vocal cords)?
Air force, pitch, and frequency all have a { } correlation.
Direct
The trachea divides into the…
Bronchi
What is the flowchart from left & right bronchus to alveolus?
(8 steps)
1) Right/left bronchus
2) Lobar
3) Segmental
4) Bronchioles
5) Terminal bronchioles
6) Alveolar ducts
7) Alveolar sacs
8) Alveolus
What is the difference between types 1 and 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli?
Type 1 - thin squamous epithelium devoted to gas exchange
Type 2 - secretory cells that produce surfactant
What tissue is found in alveoli and the alveolar capillary?
Simple squamous epithelium
Another term for simple squamous epithelium.
What is endothelium?
What is the environmental mechanism behind pulmonary ventilation?
Pressure gradient established between atmosphere and alveoli causes gas exchange
The dome-shaped organ makes up the floor of the thoracic cavity.
What is the diaphragm?
This nerve innervates the diaphragm.
What is the phrenic nerve?
What does the diaphragm do to expand the thoracic cavity?
Contract
Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to…
Flatten
Contraction of the external intercostals causes the ribcage to…
Expand
Name the 3 accessory muscles that are active during labored breathing.
1) Sternocleidomastoid
2) Scalenes
3) Pectoralis minor
Elastic recoil during expiration/exhalation causes the tissues of the chest wall and lungs to bounce back. What is causing this phenomenon?
The inward pulling of surface tension due to water polarity in the lungs
During expiration/exhalation, the diaphragm and external intercostals…
Relax
Contracting the internal intercostals allows for { } expiration.
Forced
The air pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) is at { } pressure.
Atmospheric
When the size of the thoracic cavity increases during inspiration, the intrapleural pressure…
Decreases
Inspiring causes a { } in lung pressure that is { } than atmospheric pressure.
1) Decrease
2) Less
What 3 things cause coughing, sneezing, and yawning?
1) Irritants
2) CO2 levels
3) Medulla
During expiration/exhalation, the thoracic cavity { } in size, which causes intrapleural pressure to { }.
1) Decrease
2) Increase
If alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric during inhalation, then that pressure is { } during exhalation.
Greater
The measure of ventilation rates and volumes.
What is spirometry?
Normal tidal volume
500 ml
Inspiratory reserve volume
3000 ml
Expiratory reserve volume
1100 ml
Residual volume
1200 ml
Law stating that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure independent of other gases.
What is Dalton’s law?
What is the formula for calculating partial pressure?
P(atm) * % gas in air
