Ch 9 Cardiovascular/Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
1
Q
The cardiovascular system consists of the _______ and the _________
A
heart, blood vessels
2
Q
System that forms a continuous circuit that delivers oxygen and nutrients to all cells and carried away waste products
A
The cardiovascular system
3
Q
The ________ system has vessels that drain fluid and proteins left in the tissues and return them to the bloodstream.
A
Lymphatic
4
Q
The heart is located between the ____ with its apex directed toward the ______
A
Lungs, inferior left
5
Q
The wall of the heart consists of ____ layers.
A
Three
6
Q
What are the 3 layers of the heart from the innermost to the outermost layer?
A
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium
7
Q
A thin membrane that lines the chambers and valves
A
Endocardium
8
Q
The thick muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall
A
Myocardium
9
Q
A thin membrane that covers the heart
A
Epicardium
10
Q
A fibrous sac that contains the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures like the sternum and diaphragm
A
pericardium
11
Q
Each of the heart’s upper receiving chambers
A
atrium (plural: atria)
12
Q
Each of the lower pumping chambers
A
ventricle
13
Q
Each of the chambers of the heart are divided by walls
A
septum
14
Q
This septum separated the two ventricles
A
Intraventricular septum
15
Q
This septum divides the two atria
A
interatrial septum
16
Q
T or F. There is also a septum between the atrium and ventricle on each side.
A
True
17
Q
The heart pumps blood through ____ circuits
A
Two
18
Q
The ________ side pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated through the _________ circuit.
A
Right, Pulmonary
19
Q
The ______ side pumps to the remainder of the body through the ________ circuit
A
Left, systemic
20
Q
T or F. The pulmonary circuit carries blood to and from the lungs while the systemic circuit carries blood to and from all other parts of the body.
A
True
21
Q
What is the sequence of blood flow through the heart?
A
- Right atrium receives low oxygen blood from all body tissues through he superior and inferior vena cava
- Blood enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
- Blood returns from the lungs high in oxygen and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
- Blood enters the left ventricle and is forcefully pumped into the aorta to be distributed to all the tissues.
22
Q
- The ______ receives low oxygen blood from all body tissues through the ________ and ________
A
Right atrium, superior and inferior vena cava
23
Q
- The blood enters the _______ and is pumped to the lungs through the ________
A
Right ventricle, pulmonary artery
24
Q
- Blood enters from the _______ high in oxygen and enters the ______ though the _______ veins
A
Lungs, left atrium, pulmonary veins
25
Blood enters the _____ and is forcefully pumped into the _______ to be distributed to all tissues
Left ventricle, aorta
26
_____ valves in the heart keep blood moving in a forward direction
One-way valves
27
The valves between the atrium and ventricle on each side are the ________ valves
Atrioventricular (AV valves)
28
The valve between the right atrium and ventricle is the _______ valve
Right AV valve
29
The right AV valve is also known as the _______ valve because it has three cusps or flaps
tricuspid valve
30
The valve between the left atrium and ventricle is the ________ valve.
Left AV valve
31
The left AV valve is also known as the _______ valve with two cusps.
Bicuspid valve
32
Left AV valve is also known as the ____ valve because it resembles a bishop's miter
mitral valve
33
Blood circulates throughout the body in the _________ and _________ system
cardiovascular and lymphatic
34
The valves leading into the pulmonary and the aorta have __ cusps
three
35
Each cusp is shaped like a half-moon, so these valves are described as _____ valves.
semilunar
36
The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery is specifically named the _____ valve
pulmonic
37
The valve at the entrance
| to the aorta is the _____ valve.
aortic
38
T or F. Heart sounds are produced as the heart functions.
True
39
The lubb and dupp that can
| be heard through the chest wall, are produced by the ______ of the valves.
alternate closing
40
The first heart sound (S1) is
| heard when the valves between _______ close
the chambers
41
The second heart sound (S2) is produced when the valves
| leading into the ______ and the ______ close
aorta and pulmonary artery
42
Any sound made as the heart functions normally is termed
| a ______
functional murmur
43
T or F. The word murmur used alone with regard to the heart describes an abnormal sound.)
True.
44
Each contraction of the heart, termed _____ is followed by a relaxation phase _____during which the chambers _____.
systole, diastole, fill
45
T or F. Each time the heart beats, both atria contract and immediately thereafter
both ventricles contract.
True
46
The wave of increased _____ produced in the vessels each time the ventricles
contract is the pulse.
pressure
47
_______ are stimulated by a built-in system that regularly transmits electrical impulses through the
heart.
contractions
48
What are the components of this conduction system?
```
1. sinoatrial (SA)
node
2. atrioventricular (AV) node
3. the AV bundle
4. the left and right bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers
```
49
The sinoatrial node is called the pacemaker because it __________.
sets the rate of the heartbeat
50
The AV bundle is also known as the bundle of ____.
the bundle of His
51
Although the heart itself generates the heartbeat, factors such as _____ can influence the rate and the force of heart contractions.
nervous system stimulation, hormones, and drugs
52
_______ is the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel.
blood pressure
53
Blood pressure is commonly measured in
| a large artery with an inflatable cuff known as a ______.
sphygmomanometer
54
Both systolic and diastolic pressures are measured and reported
as _____ then ______ separated by a slash, such as 120/80.
systolic/diastolic
55
Pressure is expressed as ______ (mm Hg), that is, the ______ to which the pressure can push a column of mercury in a tube.
millimeters of mercury, height
56
Blood pressure
| is a valuable ______ measurement.
diagnostic
57
What are the three components of the vascular system?
1. arteries
2. capillaries
3. veins
58
_____ carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
59
_____ are small arteries that lead into the capillaries.
arterioles
60
T or F. The capillaries are the largest vessels.
False. They are the smallest vessels.
61
_____ are vessels through which exchanges take place between the blood and the tissues.
capillaries
62
____ carry blood back to the heart.
veins
63
The small veins that receive blood from the capillaries
| and drain into the veins.
venules
64
All arteries except the _____ artery and the _____ artery carry blood high in oxygen.
pulmonary artery, umbilical artery in the fetus
65
______ are thick-walled, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure.
arteries
66
All veins, except the ______
| vein (and the ______ vein in the fetus), carry blood low in oxygen.
pulmonary vein, umbilical vein in the fetus
67
_____ have thinner, less elastic walls and tend to give way under pressure.
veins
68
Like the heart, _____ have one-way valves that keep blood flowing forward.
veins
69
Nervous system stimulation can cause the diameter of a vessel to increase, called _____ or decrease, called _____.
vasodilation, vasoconstriction
70
T or F. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction alter blood flow to the tissues but don't affect blood pressure.
False. Constriction and dilation alter blood flow to the tissues and affect blood pressure.
71
The lymphatic system's role in circulation is to return _____ from the _____ to the bloodstream.
excess fluid and proteins, tissues
72
The fluid carried in the lymphatic system.
lymph
73
Lymph drains from the _____ and ____ and into the thoracic duct.
lower part and the upper left side
74
Lymph travels upward through the ______ and empties into the ______ near the heart.
Lymph travels upward through the chest and empties into the left subclavian vein near the heart.
75
The ______ drains the _____ side of the body and empties into the right _______.
right lymphatic duct, upper right side, subclavian vein
76
T or F. Another function of the lymphatic system is to absorb digested fats from the small intestine. These fats are then added to the blood near the heart.
True.
77
One other major function of the lymphatic system is to protect the body from _____ and _____.
impurities and invading microorganisms
78
Along the path of the lymphatic vessels are small masses of lymphoid tissue, the ______.
lymph nodes
79
The function of lymph nodes is to _____ lymph as it passes through.
filter
80
Lymph nodes are concentrated in which four regions?
1. cervical (neck)
2. axillary (armpit)
3. mediastinal (chest)
4. inguinal (groin)
81
T or F. The lymph nodes and the remainder of the lymphatic system also play a role in immunity.
True.
82
List the organs and tissues of the lymphatic system.
1. tonsils (throat)
2. thymus gland (chest)
3. spleen (upper left region of the abdomen)
83
The largest artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and
branches to all parts of the body.
aorta
84
The semilunar valve at the entrance to the aorta.
aortic valve
85
The point of a cone-shaped structure.
apex
86
The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
left ventricle
87
A vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
artery
88
A small artery
arteriole
89
A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses
from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles.
atrioventricular (AV) node
90
A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the _____ to the top of the ______.
AV bundle, atrioventricular
| (AV) node, interventricular septum
91
The AV bundle divides into
| the ____ and _____ bundle branches, which descend along the two sides of the septum.
right and left
92
An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of
the heart.
atrium
93
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve.
bicuspid valve
94
The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel
blood presure
95
Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum
bundle branches
96
A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues
capillary
97
The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels
cardiovascular system
98
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle
diastole
99
The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves
endocardium
100
The thin outermost layer of the heart wall
epicardium
101
The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body
heart
102
The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract
pulse
103
The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart that carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles.
Purkinje fibers
104
A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart
septum
105
The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle
systole
106
The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
systemic circuit
107
The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
108
A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction
valve
109
A tube or duct to transport fluid
vessel
110
Thin plasmalike fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels.
lymph
111
Large reddish brown organ in the upper left region of the abdomen that filters blood and destroys old red blood cells
spleen
112
cardi/o
heart
113
atri/o
atrium
114
ventricul/o
cavity, ventricle
115
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
116
angi/o
vessel
117
vas/o, vascul/o
vessel, duct
118
arter/o, arteri/o
artery
119
arteriol/o
arteriole
120
aort/o
aorta
121
ven/o, ven/i
vein
122
phleb/o
vein
123
lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic system
124
lymphaden/o
lymph node
125
lymphangi/o
lymphatic vessel
126
splen/o
spleen
127
thym/o
thymus gland
128
tonsill/o
tonsil
129
arrythmia, dysrhythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
130
atherosclerosis
hardening of arterial wall
131
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
132
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
133
ischemia
local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circulation
134
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
135
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein with a formation of a blood clot
136
lymphoma
neoplastic disease of lymphoid tisse
137
lymphangiitis
inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection
138
lymphedema
swelling of tissues with lymph
139
The passage of fluid such as blood through an organ or tissue
perfusion
140
A normal heart rhythm originating from the SA node
sinus rhythm
141
AF
atrial fibrillation
142
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
143
ASCVD
arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease
144
BBB
bundle branch block
145
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
146
CAD
coronary artery disease
147
CHF
congestive heart failure
148
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
149
CVD
cardiovascular disease
150
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
151
HDL
high density liproprotein
152
LDH
lactic dehydrogenase
153
LDL
low density lipoprotein
154
LVAD
left ventricular assist device
155
mm Hg
millimeters of mercury
156
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
157
P
pulse
158
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
159
S1
first heart sound
160
S2
second heart sound
161
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
162
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
163
Arteries have a ____ to facilitate blood flow, veins do not. They need valves to ensure flow keeps climbing up.
pump
164
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the ______ and _____, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the ______ of the heart.
inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium
165
What is the pathway of blood flow through the heart?
right atrium → open tricuspid valve → right ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → body
166
What is electrical conduction?
The impulse generated by the (SA node) of the heart to stimulate cardiac muscle (myocardium). The myocardium contracts after stimulation, allowing blood to be pumped throughout the body.
