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Z. ANPH > Ch 9 Cardiovascular/Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Ch 9 Cardiovascular/Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of the _______ and the _________

A

heart, blood vessels

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2
Q

System that forms a continuous circuit that delivers oxygen and nutrients to all cells and carried away waste products

A

The cardiovascular system

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3
Q

The ________ system has vessels that drain fluid and proteins left in the tissues and return them to the bloodstream.

A

Lymphatic

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4
Q

The heart is located between the ____ with its apex directed toward the ______

A

Lungs, inferior left

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5
Q

The wall of the heart consists of ____ layers.

A

Three

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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart from the innermost to the outermost layer?

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
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7
Q

A thin membrane that lines the chambers and valves

A

Endocardium

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8
Q

The thick muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

A thin membrane that covers the heart

A

Epicardium

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10
Q

A fibrous sac that contains the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures like the sternum and diaphragm

A

pericardium

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11
Q

Each of the heart’s upper receiving chambers

A

atrium (plural: atria)

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12
Q

Each of the lower pumping chambers

A

ventricle

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13
Q

Each of the chambers of the heart are divided by walls

A

septum

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14
Q

This septum separated the two ventricles

A

Intraventricular septum

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15
Q

This septum divides the two atria

A

interatrial septum

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16
Q

T or F. There is also a septum between the atrium and ventricle on each side.

A

True

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17
Q

The heart pumps blood through ____ circuits

A

Two

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18
Q

The ________ side pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated through the _________ circuit.

A

Right, Pulmonary

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19
Q

The ______ side pumps to the remainder of the body through the ________ circuit

A

Left, systemic

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20
Q

T or F. The pulmonary circuit carries blood to and from the lungs while the systemic circuit carries blood to and from all other parts of the body.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the sequence of blood flow through the heart?

A
  1. Right atrium receives low oxygen blood from all body tissues through he superior and inferior vena cava
  2. Blood enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
  3. Blood returns from the lungs high in oxygen and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
  4. Blood enters the left ventricle and is forcefully pumped into the aorta to be distributed to all the tissues.
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22
Q
  1. The ______ receives low oxygen blood from all body tissues through the ________ and ________
A

Right atrium, superior and inferior vena cava

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23
Q
  1. The blood enters the _______ and is pumped to the lungs through the ________
A

Right ventricle, pulmonary artery

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24
Q
  1. Blood enters from the _______ high in oxygen and enters the ______ though the _______ veins
A

Lungs, left atrium, pulmonary veins

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25
Q

Blood enters the _____ and is forcefully pumped into the _______ to be distributed to all tissues

A

Left ventricle, aorta

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26
Q

_____ valves in the heart keep blood moving in a forward direction

A

One-way valves

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27
Q

The valves between the atrium and ventricle on each side are the ________ valves

A

Atrioventricular (AV valves)

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28
Q

The valve between the right atrium and ventricle is the _______ valve

A

Right AV valve

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29
Q

The right AV valve is also known as the _______ valve because it has three cusps or flaps

A

tricuspid valve

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30
Q

The valve between the left atrium and ventricle is the ________ valve.

A

Left AV valve

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31
Q

The left AV valve is also known as the _______ valve with two cusps.

A

Bicuspid valve

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32
Q

Left AV valve is also known as the ____ valve because it resembles a bishop’s miter

A

mitral valve

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33
Q

Blood circulates throughout the body in the _________ and _________ system

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic

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34
Q

The valves leading into the pulmonary and the aorta have __ cusps

A

three

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35
Q

Each cusp is shaped like a half-moon, so these valves are described as _____ valves.

A

semilunar

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36
Q

The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery is specifically named the _____ valve

A

pulmonic

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37
Q

The valve at the entrance

to the aorta is the _____ valve.

A

aortic

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38
Q

T or F. Heart sounds are produced as the heart functions.

A

True

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39
Q

The lubb and dupp that can

be heard through the chest wall, are produced by the ______ of the valves.

A

alternate closing

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40
Q

The first heart sound (S1) is

heard when the valves between _______ close

A

the chambers

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41
Q

The second heart sound (S2) is produced when the valves

leading into the ______ and the ______ close

A

aorta and pulmonary artery

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42
Q

Any sound made as the heart functions normally is termed

a ______

A

functional murmur

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43
Q

T or F. The word murmur used alone with regard to the heart describes an abnormal sound.)

A

True.

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44
Q

Each contraction of the heart, termed _____ is followed by a relaxation phase _____during which the chambers _____.

A

systole, diastole, fill

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45
Q

T or F. Each time the heart beats, both atria contract and immediately thereafter
both ventricles contract.

A

True

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46
Q

The wave of increased _____ produced in the vessels each time the ventricles
contract is the pulse.

A

pressure

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47
Q

_______ are stimulated by a built-in system that regularly transmits electrical impulses through the
heart.

A

contractions

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48
Q

What are the components of this conduction system?

A 
1. sinoatrial (SA)
node
2. atrioventricular (AV) node
3. the AV bundle
4. the left and right bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers
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49
Q

The sinoatrial node is called the pacemaker because it __________.

A

sets the rate of the heartbeat

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50
Q

The AV bundle is also known as the bundle of ____.

A

the bundle of His

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51
Q

Although the heart itself generates the heartbeat, factors such as _____ can influence the rate and the force of heart contractions.

A

nervous system stimulation, hormones, and drugs

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52
Q

_______ is the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel.

A

blood pressure

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53
Q

Blood pressure is commonly measured in

a large artery with an inflatable cuff known as a ______.

A

sphygmomanometer

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54
Q

Both systolic and diastolic pressures are measured and reported
as _____ then ______ separated by a slash, such as 120/80.

A

systolic/diastolic

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55
Q

Pressure is expressed as ______ (mm Hg), that is, the ______ to which the pressure can push a column of mercury in a tube.

A

millimeters of mercury, height

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56
Q

Blood pressure

is a valuable ______ measurement.

A

diagnostic

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57
Q

What are the three components of the vascular system?

A
  1. arteries
  2. capillaries
  3. veins
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58
Q

_____ carry blood away from the heart.

A

arteries

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59
Q

_____ are small arteries that lead into the capillaries.

A

arterioles

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60
Q

T or F. The capillaries are the largest vessels.

A

False. They are the smallest vessels.

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61
Q

_____ are vessels through which exchanges take place between the blood and the tissues.

A

capillaries

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62
Q

____ carry blood back to the heart.

A

veins

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63
Q

The small veins that receive blood from the capillaries

and drain into the veins.

A

venules

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64
Q

All arteries except the _____ artery and the _____ artery carry blood high in oxygen.

A

pulmonary artery, umbilical artery in the fetus

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65
Q

______ are thick-walled, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure.

A

arteries

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66
Q

All veins, except the ______

vein (and the ______ vein in the fetus), carry blood low in oxygen.

A

pulmonary vein, umbilical vein in the fetus

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67
Q

_____ have thinner, less elastic walls and tend to give way under pressure.

A

veins

68
Q

Like the heart, _____ have one-way valves that keep blood flowing forward.

A

veins

69
Q

Nervous system stimulation can cause the diameter of a vessel to increase, called _____ or decrease, called _____.

A

vasodilation, vasoconstriction

70
Q

T or F. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction alter blood flow to the tissues but don’t affect blood pressure.

A

False. Constriction and dilation alter blood flow to the tissues and affect blood pressure.

71
Q

The lymphatic system’s role in circulation is to return _____ from the _____ to the bloodstream.

A

excess fluid and proteins, tissues

72
Q

The fluid carried in the lymphatic system.

A

lymph

73
Q

Lymph drains from the _____ and ____ and into the thoracic duct.

A

lower part and the upper left side

74
Q

Lymph travels upward through the ______ and empties into the ______ near the heart.

A

Lymph travels upward through the chest and empties into the left subclavian vein near the heart.

75
Q

The ______ drains the _____ side of the body and empties into the right _______.

A

right lymphatic duct, upper right side, subclavian vein

76
Q

T or F. Another function of the lymphatic system is to absorb digested fats from the small intestine. These fats are then added to the blood near the heart.

A

True.

77
Q

One other major function of the lymphatic system is to protect the body from _____ and _____.

A

impurities and invading microorganisms

78
Q

Along the path of the lymphatic vessels are small masses of lymphoid tissue, the ______.

A

lymph nodes

79
Q

The function of lymph nodes is to _____ lymph as it passes through.

A

filter

80
Q

Lymph nodes are concentrated in which four regions?

A
  1. cervical (neck)
  2. axillary (armpit)
  3. mediastinal (chest)
  4. inguinal (groin)
81
Q

T or F. The lymph nodes and the remainder of the lymphatic system also play a role in immunity.

A

True.

82
Q

List the organs and tissues of the lymphatic system.

A
  1. tonsils (throat)
  2. thymus gland (chest)
  3. spleen (upper left region of the abdomen)
83
Q

The largest artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and
branches to all parts of the body.

A

aorta

84
Q

The semilunar valve at the entrance to the aorta.

A

aortic valve

85
Q

The point of a cone-shaped structure.

A

apex

86
Q

The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.

A

left ventricle

87
Q

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

A

artery

88
Q

A small artery

A

arteriole

89
Q

A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses
from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles.

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

90
Q

A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the _____ to the top of the ______.

A

AV bundle, atrioventricular

(AV) node, interventricular septum

91
Q

The AV bundle divides into

the ____ and _____ bundle branches, which descend along the two sides of the septum.

A

right and left

92
Q

An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of
the heart.

A

atrium

93
Q

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve.

A

bicuspid valve

94
Q

The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

A

blood presure

95
Q

Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum

A

bundle branches

96
Q

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues

A

capillary

97
Q

The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels

A

cardiovascular system

98
Q

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle

A

diastole

99
Q

The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves

A

endocardium

100
Q

The thin outermost layer of the heart wall

A

epicardium

101
Q

The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body

A

heart

102
Q

The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract

A

pulse

103
Q

The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart that carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles.

A

Purkinje fibers

104
Q

A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart

A

septum

105
Q

The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle

A

systole

106
Q

The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

A

systemic circuit

107
Q

The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

108
Q

A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction

A

valve

109
Q

A tube or duct to transport fluid

A

vessel

110
Q

Thin plasmalike fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels.

A

lymph

111
Q

Large reddish brown organ in the upper left region of the abdomen that filters blood and destroys old red blood cells

A

spleen

112
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

113
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

114
Q

ventricul/o

A

cavity, ventricle

115
Q

valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve

116
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

117
Q

vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel, duct

118
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

119
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

120
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

121
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

vein

122
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

123
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymphatic system

124
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

125
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymphatic vessel

126
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

127
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

128
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

129
Q

arrythmia, dysrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

130
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of arterial wall

131
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

132
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

133
Q

ischemia

A

local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circulation

134
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

135
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein with a formation of a blood clot

136
Q

lymphoma

A

neoplastic disease of lymphoid tisse

137
Q

lymphangiitis

A

inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection

138
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling of tissues with lymph

139
Q

The passage of fluid such as blood through an organ or tissue

A

perfusion

140
Q

A normal heart rhythm originating from the SA node

A

sinus rhythm

141
Q

AF

A

atrial fibrillation

142
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

143
Q

ASCVD

A

arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease

144
Q

BBB

A

bundle branch block

145
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

146
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

147
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

148
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

149
Q

CVD

A

cardiovascular disease

150
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

151
Q

HDL

A

high density liproprotein

152
Q

LDH

A

lactic dehydrogenase

153
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

154
Q

LVAD

A

left ventricular assist device

155
Q

mm Hg

A

millimeters of mercury

156
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

157
Q

P

A

pulse

158
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease

159
Q

S1

A

first heart sound

160
Q

S2

A

second heart sound

161
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

162
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

163
Q

Arteries have a ____ to facilitate blood flow, veins do not. They need valves to ensure flow keeps climbing up.

A

pump

164
Q

Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the ______ and _____, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the ______ of the heart.

A

inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium

165
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow through the heart?

A

right atrium → open tricuspid valve → right ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → body

166
Q

What is electrical conduction?

A

The impulse generated by the (SA node) of the heart to stimulate cardiac muscle (myocardium). The myocardium contracts after stimulation, allowing blood to be pumped throughout the body.

Z. ANPH (18 decks)

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