Ch 14 Male Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
test/o
A
testis, testicle
2
Q
orchi/o, orchid/o
A
testis, testicle
3
Q
osche/o
A
scrotum
4
Q
semin
A
semen
5
Q
sperm/i, spermat/o
A
sperm, spermatozoa
6
Q
epididym/o
A
epididymis
7
Q
vas/o
A
vas deferens, ductus deferens
8
Q
vesicul/o
A
seminal vesicle
9
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate
10
Q
Develop in the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum shortly before or after birth.
A
testes or testicles
11
Q
What are the two functions of the testes?
A
- sperm formation
2. testosterone production
12
Q
What parts of the male reproductive system form sperm?
A
seminiferous tubules and sertoli cells and androgens (mainly testosterone)
13
Q
What forms testosterone?
A
interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules
14
Q
What is the transport pathway of sperm?
A
Epididymis → Vas (ductus) deferens → passes out of the scrotum, up into the abdominal cavity and behind the bladder → ejaculatory duct → urethra
15
Q
Contains the urethra
A
penis
16
Q
What are the three segments of spongy tissues in the penis?
A
-
17
Q
______ impulses cause arterial dilation and increased blood flow in the penis.
A
parasympathetic impulses
18
Q
What three glands form semen?
A
prostate, seminal vesicle, and Cowper’s (bulbourethral) gland
19
Q
What are the three functions of semen?
A
- Nourish the sperm
- Neutralize acidic urethral and vaginal fluid
- Lubrication and motility
20
Q
BPH
A
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy/Hyperplasia
21
Q
What disease is the enlargement of the prostate and is common condition as men age?
A
BPH
22
Q
The function of the gonads in both males ad females is to produce ____ and ___
A
produce reproductive cells and hormones
23
Q
The reproductive cells
A
gametes
24
Q
Gametes are generated by ____
A
meiosis
25
A process of cell division
| that halves the chromosome number from 46 to 23
meiosis
26
T or F. When male and female gametes unite in
| fertilization, the original chromosome number is restored
T
27
Functions of sex hormones
1. help manufacture GAMETES
2. function in PREGNANCY and LACTATION
3. produce SECONDARY sex characteristics (shape, body hair, voice, etc)
G, PLS
28
T or F. The reproductive tract develops in close association with the urinary tract
True
29
T or F. In females, reproductive and urinary systems become completely separate
True
30
In males, the reproductive and urinary tracts share a common passage, the _____
urethra
31
The urinary and reproductive systems referred together are called the ___ or ___ tract
genitourinary or urogenital tract
32
GU
genitourinary tract
33
UG
urogenital tract
34
T or F. Urologistst are only called on to treat disorders of the urinary system.
False, urologists are called on to treat disorders of the male reproductive system as well as of the urinary system.
35
Male germ cells produced in the testes
spermatozoa, sperm cells
36
Testes are suspended outside of the body in the _____
scrotum
37
The testes develop in the ____ but normally descend through the ____ into the scrotum around birth
abdominal cavity, inguinal canal
38
After puberty, sperm form continuously within the testes in ______
coiled seminiferous tubules
39
Sperm development requires the aid of special ____ cells and ___
Sertoli cells and male sex hormones
40
The male sex hormones
androgens, mainly testosterone
41
Androgens are manufactured in ____ located between the tubules
interstitial cells
42
The gonads in both males and females are stimulated by these hormones
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
43
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
44
LH
luteinizing hormone
45
LH and FSH are released from the ____ beneath the brain
anterior pituitary gland
46
LH and FSH are the same in both males and females, but LH is called ___ in males
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
47
ICSH
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
48
After manufacturing, sperm cells are stored in a much-coiled tube on the _____ of each testis
surface
49
Much coiled tube on the surface of each testis
epididymis
50
Sperm cells remain in the epididymis until ____ propels them into a series of ducts that lead out of the body
ejaculation
51
The first duct that ascends through the inguinal
| canal into the abdominal cavity and travels behind the bladder
vas (ductus) deferens
52
Short continuation that delivers the spermatozoa to the urethra as it passes through the prostate gland below the bladder
ejaculatory duct
53
What is the transport of spermatozoa?
vas deferens > ejaculatory duct > urethra
54
The male organ that transports both urine and semen
penis
55
The head or tip of the penis
glans penis
56
Loose skin that covers the glans penis
prepuce or foreskin
57
Surgery to remove the foreskin
circumcision
58
Thick, whitish fluid in which spermatozoa are transported
semen
59
What does semen contain?
1. sperm cells
| 2. secretions from three types of accessory glands
60
The first accessory gland; saclike gland that secretes into the ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles (paired)
61
The second accessory gland that secretes into the first part of the urethra beneath the bladder
prostate gland
62
Enlargement of the ___ gland may compress the urethra just below the pressure gland
prostate gland
63
The third accessory gland that secrete into the urethra just below the prostate gland
two bulbourethral or Cowper glands
64
What are the 3 accessory glands that secrete to form semen?
1. seminal vesicles
2. prostate gland
3. bulbourethral glands
65
Together the semen accessory glands produce this slightly alkaline mixture
semen
66
What are the functions of semen?
1. Nourishes sperm cells
2. Transports sperm cells
3. Protects sperm cells from neutralizing the Acidity of the female vaginal tract
PANT
67
Steps in sperm formation
seminal vesicles > ejaculatory duct > prostate gland > urethra beneath the bladder > bulbourethral glands > urethra
68
Any hormone that produces male characteristics
androgen
69
The duct formed by union of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle; it carries spermatozoa and seminal fluid into the
urethra
ejaculatory duct
70
A coiled tube on the surface of the testis that stores sperm until ejaculation
epididymis
71
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the male, this hormone stimulates development of sperm cells.
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
72
What are the gametes called in the male and female, respectively?
spermatozoon in the male, ovum in the female
73
What are the gonads called in the male and female, respectively?
testis or ovary
74
A hormone secreted by the pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the male, it stimulates production of testosterone.
ICSH or LH
75
The channel through which the testis descends into the scrotum in the male
inguinal canal
76
Cells located between the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produce hormones, mainly testosterone. Also called cells of Leydig.
interstitial cells
77
A double pouch that contains the testes
scrotum
78
Cells in the seminiferous tubules that aid in the development of
spermatozoa
Sertoli cells
79
The duct that conveys spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory
duct
vas deferens
80
T or F. Most infections of the male reproductive tract are STDs.
True
81
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
82
Prostatectomy formed through the urethra
TURP
83
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate
84
BPH is diagnosed by DRE, which stands for:
digital rectal examination
85
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
86
List some bacterial STDs?
chlamydia, gonorrhea, vaginosis, syphillis
87
List some viral STDs.
AIDS, herpes, Hep B, HPV
88
The most common malignancy in men in the US
prostate
89
Testes fail to descend into scrotum by time of birth that must be corrected to avoid sterility and cancer risks
cryptorchidism
90
Total inability to produce offspring
sterility
91
An abdominal organ like the intestine, enters the inguinal canal
indirect or external inguinal hernia
92
Hernia in which the organ protrudes through the abdominal wall into the scrotum
direct or internal inguinal hernia
93
Decreased capacity to produce offspring
infertility
94
Period during which the ability for sexual reproduction is attained
and secondary sex characteristics begin to develop
puberty
95
The cord that suspends the testis; composed of the vas deferens, vessels, and nerves
spermatic cord
96
BNO
bladder neck obstruction
97
Blockage of urine flow at the outlet of the bladder. The common
cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia.
BNO
98
Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce so that the foreskin cannot
be pushed back over the glans penis
phimosis
99
Abnormal, painful, continuous erection of the penis, as may be
caused by damage to specific regions of the spinal cord
priapism
100
A tumor of the testis
seminoma
101
Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord
varicocele
102
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
103
GC
gonococcus
104
HBV
hepatitis B virus
105
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
106
PSA
prostate specific antigen
107
TSE
testicular self exam
108
VD
venereal disease
