Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z. ANPH > Ch 20 The Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch 20 The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Main characteristic of muscle tissue is its ability to ___

A

contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscles may remain partially contracted to maintain ____

A

posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The heat generated by ____is the main source of body heat

A

muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. smooth or visceral muscle
  2. cardiac muscle
  3. skeletal muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscle tissue that makes up the walls of the hollow organs and the walls of the ducts such as the blood vessels and bronchioles

A

smooth or visceral muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does smooth muscle operate voluntarily or involuntarily?

A

involuntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Smooth muscle is responsible for ___: the wavelike movements that propel materials through the systems

A

smooth or visceral muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscle that makes up the myocardium of the heart wall responsible for pumping of the heart

A

cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Does cardiac muscle work voluntarily or involuntarily?

A

involuntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscle attached to the bones of the skeleton; maintains posture and generates a large proportion of body heat

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does skeletal muscle work voluntarily or involuntarily?

A

voluntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract by ___ of the nervous system

A

motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The point where a branch of neuron meets a muscle cell

A

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Released at the neuromuscular junction and prompts contraction of the cell of skeletal muscles

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two proteins in the cell __ and __ interact to produce the contraction

A

actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__ (the cell’s energy compound) and __ are needed for the contraction response

A

ATP and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State of firmness kept in a steady partially contracted state, to maintain posture for example

A

tonus or muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most skeletal muscles contract rapidly to produce ____ and then relax rapidly unless stimulation continues.

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscles work in ___ to produce movement at the joints (see Display 20-1).

A

pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

As one muscle, called the ____ contracts, an opposing muscle, called the ___ must relax.

A

prime mover, antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The point where the muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton

A

origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The point where a muscle is attached to a moving part of the skeleton

A

insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A muscle can be named according to which 5 axes?

A
  1. location
  2. the direction of its fibers
  3. size
  4. shape
  5. number of attachment points (heads) as indicated by the suffix -ceps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: closing the angle at a joint like bending at the knee or elbow

A

flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: opening the angle at a joint like straightening at the knee or elbow

A

extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: movement away from the midline of the body, like the outward movement of the arms at the shoulders

A

abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: movement toward the midline of the body, like the return of lifted arms to the body

A

adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: turning of a body part on its own axis, like turning the forearm from the elbow

A

rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: circular movement from a central point, like a circle with an outstretched arm

A

circumduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: turning downward, like turning the palm of the hand downward

A

pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: turning upward, like turning the palm of the hand upward

A

supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: turning outward, like turning the sole of the foot outward

A

eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: turning inward, like turning the sole of the foot inward

A

inversion

34
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: bending backward, like moving the foot so that the toes point upward, away from the sole of the foot

A

dorsiflexion

35
Q

Types of Movement Produced by Muscles: bending the sole of the foot, like pointing the toes downward

A

plantar flexion

36
Q

Muscles are composed of individual cells, often referred to as ____ because they are so long and threadlike

A

fibers

37
Q

Fibers are held together in bundles by ____ tissue.

A

connective

38
Q

Covering each muscle is a

fibrous sheath of connective tissue or ____

A

fascia (deep)

39
Q

Supporting tissues merge to form the ___ that attaches the muscle to a bone

A

tendon

40
Q

Smallest to biggest: structure of a skeletal muscle

A

muscle fiber (cell), fascia, connective tissue, body of muscle, tendon

41
Q

my/o

A

muscle

42
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

43
Q

in/o

A

fiber

44
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

45
Q

ten/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

46
Q

ton/o

A

tone

47
Q

kine, kinesi/o, kineto

A

movement

48
Q

Muscle function may be affected by disorders in other systems, particularly in the __ and __

A

nervous system, connective tisuse

49
Q

Any disorder of muscles

A

myopathy

50
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

51
Q

CK

A

creatine kinase

52
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of skeletal muscle leading to weakness

53
Q

FMS

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

54
Q

CFS

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

55
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

56
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

57
Q

ACH

A

acetylcholine

58
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

59
Q

CFS

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

60
Q

C(P)K

A

creatinine (phospo)kinase

61
Q

OT

A

occupational therapy

62
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

63
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

64
Q

What are the 4 functions of muscles?

A

movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat

65
Q

A typical muscle contains ___ of muscle fibers

A

thousands

66
Q

Fibres are bundled together to form ____

A

fascicles

67
Q

Fascia extends beyond the muscles to become its ___

A

tendon

68
Q

Joins muscles to bones

A

tendons

69
Q

Joins bone to bone

A

ligaments

70
Q

Muscles and nerves, step 1: Muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron at ___

A

NMJ

71
Q

Muscles and nerves, step 2: When impulse reaches the axon terminal, ____ release neurotransmitters acetylcholine

A

vesicles

72
Q

Muscles and nerves, step 3: Acetylcholine enters the ____ and bind to the receptor sites on the muscle fiber

A

synaptic cleft

73
Q

Muscles and nerves, step 4: ___ floods the muscle fiber and allows for actin myosin and ATP to interact and cause a muscle to contract

A

calcium

74
Q

Muscles and nerves, step 5: Actin and myosin are ___; sliding filament theory

A

protein filaments

75
Q

Muscle and nerves, step 6: Muscle relax when the ___ leaves

A

calcium

76
Q

What is the all or none principle?

A

a muscle fiber contracts FULLY whenever it contracts. It either contracts or it doesn’t contract

77
Q

What are the two types of muscle contraction?

A
  1. isotonic

2. isometric

78
Q

Muscle contraction where muscle shorten and movement occurs, like walking, lifting sports

A

isotonic

79
Q

Muscle contraction where muscles don’t shorten and no movement occurs, like maintaining posture

A

isometric

80
Q

What are the criteria for naming muscles?

A
  1. location
  2. shape
  3. size
  4. number of attachment points
  5. action
  6. direction of muscle fibers

Z. ANPH (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions