Ch 18 The Senses

Question 1

What are the four functions of the senses?

Answer 1

1. detect stimuli from internal and external environments
2. help maintain homeostasis
3. pleasure
4. protection

Question 2

Awareness of body position, posture, movement, etc.

Answer 2

proprioception

Question 3

Mostly found in the skin that detects pain, touch, pressure, temperature, proprioception

Answer 3

general senses

Question 4

Found in the head, encompasses taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), hearing, equilibrium (balance), vision

Answer 4

special senses

Question 5

These senses respond to chemicals in saliva or air

Answer 5

taste and smell

Question 6

What are the two main destinations of smell in the brain?

Answer 6

1. olfactory cortex (frontal lobe)

2. hypothalamus, amygdala, other limbic regions

Question 7

Smells are consciously interpreted/identified here

Answer 7

olfactory cortex (frontal lobe)

Question 8

Smells where emotional responses to odors occur

Answer 8

hypothalamus, amygdala, other limbic regions

Question 9

Smells that trigger sympathetic fight or flight response

Answer 9

danger/fear smells

Question 10

Smells that trigger salivation

Answer 10

appetizing smells

Question 11

Taste is transported by which 3 cranial nerves?

Answer 11

1. facial nerve VII
2. glossopharyngeal nerve IX
3. vagus nerve X

Question 12

Where is the main destination of taste in the brain?

Answer 12

thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system

Question 13

Mouth also contains which 3 receptors?

Answer 13

1. thermoreceptors
2. mechanoreceptors
3. nociceptors

Question 14

-esthesia

Answer 14

sensation

Question 15

-algesia

Answer 15

pain

Question 16

-osmia

Answer 16

smell

Question 17

-geusia

Answer 17

taste

Question 18

The ear is responsible for which two major senses?

Answer 18

hearing and equilibrium

Question 19

What are the three parts of the ear?

Answer 19

1. outer ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear

Question 20

What makes up the outer ear?

Answer 20

pinna and external auditory canal or auricle and meatus

Question 21

What two structures protect the outer ear?

Answer 21

1. tiny hairs lining auditory canal

2. ceruminous glands

Question 22

Modified sweat glands that produce earwax

Answer 22

ceruminous glands

Question 23

What makes up the middle ear?

Answer 23

1. tympanic membrane or eardrum
2. three ossicles
3. pharygotympanic tube or auditory tube

Question 24

Transmits sound from the outer ear to the middle ear

Answer 24

tympanic membrane or eardrum

Question 25

What are three ossicles?

Answer 25

1. malleus - hammer
2. incus - anvil
3. staples - stirrup

Question 26

Connects middle ear to pharynx and equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic or membrane responsible for swallowing or yawning

Answer 26

pharyngotympanic tube or auditory tube

Question 27

Intricate system of fluid filled passageways hollowed out of the temporal bone; also called the labyrinth

Answer 27

inner ear

Question 28

Structure that is the hearing mechanism

Answer 28

organ of Corti

Question 29

What is the pathway between the external ear and the brain?

Answer 29

External ear → tympanic membrane → ossicle: malleus → ossicle: incus → ossicle: stapes → oval window → cochlea (organ of corti) → round window → vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) → temporal lobe

Question 30

Equilibrium is controlled by the _____ and _____

Answer 30

Controlled by the semicircular canals and vestibule

Question 31

audi/o

Answer 31

hearing

Question 32

acous, acus, cus

Answer 32

sound/hearing

Question 33

ot/o

Answer 33

ear

Question 34

myring/o

Answer 34

tympanic membrane

Question 35

tympan/o

Answer 35

tympanic membrane

Question 36

salping/o

Answer 36

tube, eustachian tube

Question 37

staped/o, stapedi/o

Answer 37

stapes

Question 38

labyrinth/o

Answer 38

labyrinth

Question 39

vestibul/o

Answer 39

vestibule

Question 40

cochle/o

Answer 40

cochlea

Question 41

Three planes of movement concerned mainly with rotational movements

Answer 41

semicircular canals