Ch. 8 Chromosome Variation

Question 1

This mutation results in the structure of an individual chromosome being altered

Answer 1

chromosome rearrangements

Question 2

This mutation results in the number of individual chromosomes being altered

Answer 2

aneuploidy

Question 3

This mutation results in the number of sets of chromosomes being altered

Answer 3

polyploidy

Question 4

What are the chromosome rearrangements?

Answer 4

duplication
deletion
inversion
translocation

Question 5

When a part of the chromosome is doubled?

Answer 5

duplication

Question 6

Duplication on one chromosome often happens with ____ the other chromosome

Answer 6

deletion

Question 7

What forms during prophase I in duplications and deletions?

Answer 7

looping out

Question 8

Unequal crossing over leads to

Answer 8

unbalanced gene dosage

Question 9

When part of the chromosome is missing

Answer 9

deletion

Question 10

Which two things can happen in deletion of part of a chromosome?

Answer 10

psuedominance
haploinsufficiency

Question 11

When the recessive allele is expressed in a heterozygote due to deletion of dominant allele

Answer 11

psuedodominance

Question 12

When one allele is deleted and the other allele cannot perform the function on its own

Answer 12

haploinsufficiency

Question 13

When a segment in the chromosome is inverted/flipped 180 degrees

Answer 13

inversion

Question 14

When an inversion does not include the centromere

Answer 14

paracentric

Question 15

When an inversion includes the centromere

Answer 15

pericentric

Question 16

Why do inversions matter?

Answer 16

position affects expression

Question 17

In prophase I, if an inversion occurred, you would see a ___

Answer 17

inversion loop

Question 18

True or False: if crossing over happens in an inversion loop, offspring will not be viable

Answer 18

True

Question 19

When genetic material moves between nonhomologous chromosomes

Answer 19

translocation

Question 20

When a translocation occurs only from chromosome 1 to chromosome 7

Answer 20

nonreciprocal

Question 21

When a translocation occurs from chromosome 1 to chromosome 7 and vicer versa

Answer 21

reciprocal

Question 22

True or False: robertsonian translocation is for telocentric chromosomes

Answer 22

False

Question 23

True or False: robertsonian translocation os for acrocentric chromosomes

Answer 23

True

Question 24

In robertsonian translocation, an individual would go form 36 chromosomes to ___ chromosomes

Answer 24

35

Question 25

What are three ways that aneuploidy can occur?

Answer 25

deletion of centromere nondisjunction robertsonian translocation

Question 26

Parent 1: nondisjunction in meiosis 1 x Parent 2: regular meiosis. Offspring ratio?

Answer 26

1/2 trisomic, 1/2 monosomic

Question 27

Parent 1: nondisjunction in meiosis II x Parent 2: regular meiosis. Offspring ratio?

Answer 27

1/2 normal, 1/4 trisomic, 1/4 monosomic

Question 28

Nondisjunction happens in mitosis. Daughter cell ratio?

Answer 28

1/2 trisomic, 1/2 monosomic

Question 29

two less chromosomes

Answer 29

nullisomy

Question 30

one less chromosome

Answer 30

monosomy

Question 31

one more chromosome

Answer 31

trisomy

Question 32

two more chromosomes

Answer 32

tetrasomy

Question 33

True or False: aneuploidy conditions ends in the word SOMY

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are the most common aneuploids?

Answer 34

sec-chromosome aneuploidy

Question 35

down syndrome =

Answer 35

trisomy 21

Question 36

three copies of chromosome 21

Answer 36

both primary and familial down syndrome

Question 37

three copies of chromosome 21 at the chromosome 21 location

Answer 37

primary down syndrome

Question 38

three copies of chromosome 21; 2 at chromosome 21 location and another on chromosome 14

Answer 38

familial down syndrome

Question 39

number of chromosomes in primary down syndrome

Answer 39

47

Question 40

number of chromosomes in familial down syndrome

Answer 40

46

Question 41

familial down syndrome occurs because of a

Answer 41

robertsonian translocation

Question 42

a carrier for familial down syndrome had ___ chromosomes

Answer 42

45

Question 43

How many copies of chromosome 21 does a carrier of familial down syndrome have?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

A carrier for familial down syndrome mates with a normal parent out of live births, what are the probabilities?

Answer 44

1/3 carrier, 1/3 normal, 1/3 down syndrome

Question 45

polyploidy in the same species

Answer 45

autopolyploidy

Question 46

polyploidy in different species

Answer 46

allopolyploidy

Question 47

triploid =

Answer 47

3n

Question 48

True or False: polyploidy conditions end in PLOID

Answer 48

True