Ch. 11 Chromosome Structure and Organelle DNA Flashcards
Euchromatin is…
less condensed, located on chromosome arms and unique sequences, many genes, replicated throughout the S phase, transcription occurs often
Heterochromatin is…
more condensed, located at centromeres and telomeres, repeated sequences, few genes, replicated in the late S phase, transcription occurs infrequently
In which type of chromatin does crossing over happen more frequently in?
euchromatin
When we say ‘few genes’ and ‘repeated sequences’ we are talking about…
constitutive heterochromatin
True or false: chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins
True
Histone proteins have a ___ charge
positive
Where do histone proteins interact with the DNA?
backbone
List of histones…
H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
An octamer of histones and DNA?
nucleosome
What are the 8 histones in the nucleosome core?
2 H2A, 2H2B, 2H3, 2H4
What is the function of H1?
keeps DNA in place
True or false: Chromatin can have multiple levels of organization
True
What structures are at the end of chromosomes and stabilize the chromosomes?
telomere
True or False: Organelles can not have their own DNA
False
What is an example of an organelle with DNA?
mitochondria
What refers to diseases related to organelles being passed from mom to offspring?
cytoplasmic inheritance
When a heteroplasmic cell divides the organelles randomly into two progeny cells?
replicative segregation
Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: H1 is degraded
DNA would fall off of histone
Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: The phosphate group in DNA is replaced with a negative oxygen group
no charge
Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: the phosphate group in DNA is replaced with a positive nitrogen group
DNA would repel histone
Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: histone proteins have a neutral charge
DNA and histone would be loosely bound
Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: histone proteins have a negative charge
histones would repel DNA
Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: histone proteins have a very positive charge
DNA and histones would bind tightly
What are the parts of a nucleosome?
nucleosome core, DNA, H1
