Ch. 11 Chromosome Structure and Organelle DNA

Question 1

Euchromatin is…

Answer 1

less condensed, located on chromosome arms and unique sequences, many genes, replicated throughout the S phase, transcription occurs often

Question 2

Heterochromatin is…

Answer 2

more condensed, located at centromeres and telomeres, repeated sequences, few genes, replicated in the late S phase, transcription occurs infrequently

Question 3

In which type of chromatin does crossing over happen more frequently in?

Answer 3

euchromatin

Question 4

When we say ‘few genes’ and ‘repeated sequences’ we are talking about…

Answer 4

constitutive heterochromatin

Question 5

True or false: chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Histone proteins have a ___ charge

Answer 6

positive

Question 7

Where do histone proteins interact with the DNA?

Answer 7

backbone

Question 8

List of histones…

Answer 8

H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4

Question 9

An octamer of histones and DNA?

Answer 9

nucleosome

Question 10

What are the 8 histones in the nucleosome core?

Answer 10

2 H2A, 2H2B, 2H3, 2H4

Question 11

What is the function of H1?

Answer 11

keeps DNA in place

Question 12

True or false: Chromatin can have multiple levels of organization

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What structures are at the end of chromosomes and stabilize the chromosomes?

Answer 13

telomere

Question 14

True or False: Organelles can not have their own DNA

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is an example of an organelle with DNA?

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

What refers to diseases related to organelles being passed from mom to offspring?

Answer 16

cytoplasmic inheritance

Question 17

When a heteroplasmic cell divides the organelles randomly into two progeny cells?

Answer 17

replicative segregation

Question 18

Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: H1 is degraded

Answer 18

DNA would fall off of histone

Question 19

Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: The phosphate group in DNA is replaced with a negative oxygen group

Answer 19

no charge

Question 20

Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: the phosphate group in DNA is replaced with a positive nitrogen group

Answer 20

DNA would repel histone

Question 21

Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: histone proteins have a neutral charge

Answer 21

DNA and histone would be loosely bound

Question 22

Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: histone proteins have a negative charge

Answer 22

histones would repel DNA

Question 23

Identify what would happen if the following mutation occured: histone proteins have a very positive charge

Answer 23

DNA and histones would bind tightly

Question 24

What are the parts of a nucleosome?

Answer 24

nucleosome core, DNA, H1

Question 25

Where does a child get their mitochondrial DNA form, and what is this process called?

Answer 25

from mom; cytoplasmic inheritance