Ch. 14 RNA Molecules and RNA Processing

Question 1

What are the 3 regions of mature mRNA?

Answer 1

5’ untranslated region
protein-coding region
3’ untranslated region

Question 2

True or False: in prokaryotes, the mRNA that is made is ready for translation

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What sequences in prokaryotes is located in the 5’ UTR and helps the ribosome bind during translation

Answer 3

shine dalgarno sequence

Question 4

In bacteria, transcription occurs ___ as translation

Answer 4

at the same time and place

Question 5

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs ___ as translation

Answer 5

before and different place

Question 6

In eukaryotes, the mRNA transcript is called ___ right after transcription

Answer 6

pre-mRNA

Question 7

Which of the following are methods of pre-mRNA processing?

Answer 7

addition of 5’ cap
3’ cleavage and addition of poly(A) tail
RNA splicing

Question 8

Why do we have a 5’ cap?

Answer 8

helps the ribosome bind
increases stability

Question 9

Why do we have the poly(A) tail?

Answer 9

increase stability
helps export the mRNA from the nucleus
helps with binding to ribosome

Question 10

Why do we have RNA splicing?

Answer 10

remove introns

Question 11

True or False: prokaryotes have introns

Answer 11

False

Question 12

In the 5’ cap, which nucleotide is added?

Answer 12

modified G

Question 13

How is the 5’ cap connected to the first nucleotide?

Answer 13

5’ to 5’

Question 14

What happens first?

Answer 14

3’ cleavage

Question 15

Which three sequences in RNA splicing are highly conserved?

Answer 15

5’ consensus sequence
3’ consensus sequences
a branch point

Question 16

Which enzyme does the splicing?

Answer 16

spliceosome

Question 17

Splicing steps order

Answer 17

pre-mRNA is cut at 5’ splice site
lariat is formed
pre-mRNA is cut at 3’ splice site
lariat is degraded and exons are spliced together

Question 18

What refers to the two ways that a single pre-mRNa can be processed to form many types of mature mRNA?

Answer 18

alternative processing

Question 19

What are two methods of alternative processing?

Answer 19

multiple 3’ cleavage sites
alternative splicing

Question 20

3’ cleavage sites remove ___

Answer 20

everything after that point

Question 21

alternative splicing removes___

Answer 21

exons in the middle

Question 22

If an exon is split in half, what occurred?

Answer 22

3’ cleavage sites

Question 23

What shape is tRNA?

Answer 23

cloverleaf

Question 24

Which type of RNA makes up the ribosome?

Answer 24

rRNA

Question 25

Identify what would happen and what you would see if the following mutations occur: a poly(U) tail was added

Answer 25

pre-mRNA would be degraded

Question 26

Identify what would happen and what you would see if the following mutations occur: exons and introns were switched

Answer 26

exons would be removed and introns translated

Question 27

Identify what would happen and what you would see if the following mutations occur: an enzyme is added to a prokaryotic cell that degrades spliceosome

Answer 27

nothing

Question 28

Identify what would happen and what you would see if the following mutations occur: an enzyme is added to a eukaryotic cell that degrades spliceosome

Answer 28

introns wouldn’t be removed

Question 29

What types of cells does pre-mRNA processing occur in?

Answer 29

eukaryotes

Question 30

What is added to the 5’ end?

Answer 30

modified G

Question 31

What is added to the 3’ end?

Answer 31

poly(A) tail

Question 32

What is the difference between exons and introns?

Answer 32

exons are included and introns are not