Ch. 18 Gene Mutations and DNA Repair

Question 1

What type of mutation affects the parent but no offspring?

Answer 1

somatic

Question 2

What type of mutation affects half the offspring but not the parent?

Answer 2

germ-line

Question 3

What type of mutation changes one codon?

Answer 3

substitution

Question 4

What type of mutation affects more than one codon?

Answer 4

frameshift

Question 5

What are the two types of frameshift mutations?

Answer 5

insertion and deletion

Question 6

What are the two types of substitution mutation?

Answer 6

transition and transversion

Question 7

Changing a purine to a purine or a pyrimidine to a pyrimidine

Answer 7

transition

Question 8

Changing a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa

Answer 8

transversion

Question 9

Are transitions or transversions more likely to occur?

Answer 9

transition

Question 10

What results in an accumulation of repeats over time due to strand slippage?

Answer 10

expanding nucleotide repeats

Question 11

One amino acid changes to another

Answer 11

missense

Question 12

Polypeptide chain stops prematurely

Answer 12

nonsense

Question 13

The codon changes but the amino acid does not

Answer 13

silent

Question 14

A positively charges amino acid is changed out for another positively charged amino acid

Answer 14

neutral

Question 15

Complete or partial absence of normal protein function

Answer 15

loss of function

Question 16

New trait or an improvement in efficiency

Answer 16

gain of function

Question 17

What results in premature death?

Answer 17

lethal

Question 18

Restores the wild-type phenotype

Answer 18

supressor

Question 19

A second mutation produces the same original amino acid by a mutation in the same gene at a different spot

Answer 19

intragenic suppressor

Question 20

Changing from wild-type to mutant

Answer 20

forward mutation

Question 21

A second mutation at another locus restores the phenotype

Answer 21

intragenic suppressor

Question 22

What is going from mutant to wild-type?

Answer 22

reverse mutation

Question 23

This method of DNA repair happens after replication is completed

Answer 23

mismatch repair

Question 24

How do we tell the difference between the old and new strands directly after replication?

Answer 24

old strand is methylated