Ch. 18 Gene Mutations and DNA Repair Flashcards
What type of mutation affects the parent but no offspring?
somatic
What type of mutation affects half the offspring but not the parent?
germ-line
What type of mutation changes one codon?
substitution
What type of mutation affects more than one codon?
frameshift
What are the two types of frameshift mutations?
insertion and deletion
What are the two types of substitution mutation?
transition and transversion
Changing a purine to a purine or a pyrimidine to a pyrimidine
transition
Changing a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa
transversion
Are transitions or transversions more likely to occur?
transition
What results in an accumulation of repeats over time due to strand slippage?
expanding nucleotide repeats
One amino acid changes to another
missense
Polypeptide chain stops prematurely
nonsense
The codon changes but the amino acid does not
silent
A positively charges amino acid is changed out for another positively charged amino acid
neutral
Complete or partial absence of normal protein function
loss of function
New trait or an improvement in efficiency
gain of function
What results in premature death?
lethal
Restores the wild-type phenotype
supressor
A second mutation produces the same original amino acid by a mutation in the same gene at a different spot
intragenic suppressor
Changing from wild-type to mutant
forward mutation
A second mutation at another locus restores the phenotype
intragenic suppressor
What is going from mutant to wild-type?
reverse mutation
This method of DNA repair happens after replication is completed
mismatch repair
How do we tell the difference between the old and new strands directly after replication?
old strand is methylated
