Ch. 18 Gene Mutations and DNA Repair Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of mutation affects the parent but no offspring?

A

somatic

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2
Q

What type of mutation affects half the offspring but not the parent?

A

germ-line

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3
Q

What type of mutation changes one codon?

A

substitution

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4
Q

What type of mutation affects more than one codon?

A

frameshift

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5
Q

What are the two types of frameshift mutations?

A

insertion and deletion

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6
Q

What are the two types of substitution mutation?

A

transition and transversion

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7
Q

Changing a purine to a purine or a pyrimidine to a pyrimidine

A

transition

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8
Q

Changing a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa

A

transversion

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9
Q

Are transitions or transversions more likely to occur?

A

transition

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10
Q

What results in an accumulation of repeats over time due to strand slippage?

A

expanding nucleotide repeats

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11
Q

One amino acid changes to another

A

missense

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12
Q

Polypeptide chain stops prematurely

A

nonsense

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13
Q

The codon changes but the amino acid does not

A

silent

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14
Q

A positively charges amino acid is changed out for another positively charged amino acid

A

neutral

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15
Q

Complete or partial absence of normal protein function

A

loss of function

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16
Q

New trait or an improvement in efficiency

A

gain of function

17
Q

What results in premature death?

A

lethal

18
Q

Restores the wild-type phenotype

A

supressor

19
Q

A second mutation produces the same original amino acid by a mutation in the same gene at a different spot

A

intragenic suppressor

20
Q

Changing from wild-type to mutant

A

forward mutation

21
Q

A second mutation at another locus restores the phenotype

A

intragenic suppressor

22
Q

What is going from mutant to wild-type?

A

reverse mutation

23
Q

This method of DNA repair happens after replication is completed

A

mismatch repair

24
Q

How do we tell the difference between the old and new strands directly after replication?

A

old strand is methylated