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BIO 2306 > Ch. 3 Basic Principles of Heredity > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Basic Principles of Heredity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When an individual contains two of the same alleles (AA or aa)

A

homozygous

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2
Q

When an individual contains one dominant and one recessive allele (Aa)

A

heterozygous

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3
Q

What is the genetic makeup of an organism?

A

genotype

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4
Q

What are the observable characteristics of an individual?

A

phenotype

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5
Q

When a phenotypically dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual

A

test cross

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6
Q

The chromosome inherited from mom separates from the chromosome inherited from dad when forming gametes (sex cells)

A

principle of segregation

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7
Q

P generation cross

A

AA x aa

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8
Q

F1 generation cross

A

Aa x Aa

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9
Q

Genotypic ratio in F2 generation

A

1:2:1

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10
Q

Phenotypic ratio of F2 generation

A

3:1

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11
Q

If A is brown and a is blue, what phenotype will Aa have?

A

brown

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12
Q

What does the word ‘and’ mean with probabilities?

A

multiply

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13
Q

What does the word ‘or’ mean with probabilities?

A

add

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14
Q

Additional information that causes you to narrow down the probabilities

A

conditional probability

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15
Q

Do this when there are multiple offspring and the order is not given

A

binomial expansion

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16
Q

What looks at only one trait?

A

monohybrid cross

17
Q

What looks at the inheritance of two traits?

A

dihybrid cross

18
Q

What is the phenotypic ratio of two heterozygotes in dihybrid cross?

A

9:3:3:1

19
Q

Alleles at different loci separate independently

A

principle of independent assortment

20
Q

What test is used to indicate the probability that the difference between observed and expected events is due to change?

A

chi-square

21
Q

True or False: the higher the chi-square value, the more likely the results were due to chance

A

False

22
Q

True or False: the higher the p value, the more likely the results were due to chance

A

True

23
Q

Which p-value is the value we like to use for determining if it was to chance?

A

0.05

24
Q

degrees of freedom

A

number of genotypes - 1

BIO 2306 (18 decks)

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