Ch. 3 Basic Principles of Heredity Flashcards
When an individual contains two of the same alleles (AA or aa)
homozygous
When an individual contains one dominant and one recessive allele (Aa)
heterozygous
What is the genetic makeup of an organism?
genotype
What are the observable characteristics of an individual?
phenotype
When a phenotypically dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
test cross
The chromosome inherited from mom separates from the chromosome inherited from dad when forming gametes (sex cells)
principle of segregation
P generation cross
AA x aa
F1 generation cross
Aa x Aa
Genotypic ratio in F2 generation
1:2:1
Phenotypic ratio of F2 generation
3:1
If A is brown and a is blue, what phenotype will Aa have?
brown
What does the word ‘and’ mean with probabilities?
multiply
What does the word ‘or’ mean with probabilities?
add
Additional information that causes you to narrow down the probabilities
conditional probability
Do this when there are multiple offspring and the order is not given
binomial expansion