Ch. 15 The Genetic Code and Translation

Question 1

3 groups that are in every amino acid…

Answer 1

NH3+
COO-
H

Question 2

This type of bond joins amino acids together

Answer 2

peptide

Question 3

peptide bonds are made through

Answer 3

dehydration synthesis

Question 4

True or False: proteins can have a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary level of structure

Answer 4

True

Question 5

A group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA

Answer 5

codon

Question 6

What property allows for more than one codon to code for the same amino acid?

Answer 6

degenerate

Question 7

How do you use the codon chart?

Answer 7

mRNA; 5’ to 3’

Question 8

What describes the situation where the pairing at the third codon position is relaxed?

Answer 8

wobble

Question 9

The codon and anticodon are ___ and ___

Answer 9

antiparallel
complementary

Question 10

mRNA is read by the ribosome from…

Answer 10

5’ to 3’

Question 11

What does not code for an amino acid and signal the end of translation?

Answer 11

stop/termination codon

Question 12

True or False: The codon chart we use applies universally with no exceptions

Answer 12

False

Question 13

The 5’ end of the mRNa matches to the ___ terminus of the protein

Answer 13

N

Question 14

Order of translation

Answer 14

tRNA charging
initiation
elongation
termination

Question 15

Where does the amino acid bind to tRNA

Answer 15

acceptor stem

Question 16

What enzyme provides the specificity in tRNA charging?

Answer 16

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 17

tRNA charging is the process of adding amino acids to the tRNA

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is a highly conserved sequence in bacteria on the mRNA 5’ UTR?

Answer 18

shine-dalgarno sequence

Question 19

What subunit of the ribosmoe has a portion that is complementary to the shine-dalgarno sequence?

Answer 19

small subunit

Question 20

The first tRNA binds to the ___ site

Answer 20

P

Question 21

all the other tRNA’s bind to the ___ site

Answer 21

A

Question 22

What direction do the tRNA’s move in?

Answer 22

A to P to E

Question 23

Which ribosomal subunit has enzymatic abilities and catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond?

Answer 23

large

Question 24

The peptide bond is formed between the ___ and ___ sites

Answer 24

A and P

Question 25

True or False in termination, a tRNA release factor binds to the A site

Answer 25

False

Question 26

In eukaryotes, what features help the ribosome bind to mRNA?

Answer 26

5’ cap
poly(A) tail

Question 27

True or False: after translation, the protein may undergo further modifications

Answer 27

True

Question 28

describe the effect of the following mutations on translation: amino-acyl-tRNA-synthetase begins binding amino acids and tRNA randomly

Answer 28

codons no longer match amino acids

Question 29

describe the effect of the following mutations on translation: the shine-dalgarno sequence is mutated

Answer 29

small subunit cannot bind mRNA in prokaryotes

Question 30

describe the effect of the following mutations on translation: the large subunit loses its enzymatic activity

Answer 30

no peptide bonds

Question 31

describe the effect of the following mutations on translation: release factor cannot bind to the ribosome

Answer 31

peptide not released

Question 32

describe the effect of the following mutations on translation: cap binding proteins are mutated

Answer 32

subunits cannot bind mRNA in eukaryotes