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BIO 2306 > Ch. 2 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What has a nucleus, linear DNA, membrane bound organelles and histones

A

eukaryote

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2
Q

What is only made of two macromolecules?

A

virus

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3
Q

What is the way that prokaryotes replicate?

A

binary fission

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4
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23

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5
Q

How many pairs of HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes does a human male have?

A

22

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6
Q

What is a set of chromosomes, one from each parent, that code for the same trait, but not necessarily the same alleles?

A

homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

What is a set that contains identical information?

A

sister chromatids

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8
Q

What are the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

telomere

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9
Q

What are the middle of eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

centromeres

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10
Q

What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

A

M phase
interphase

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11
Q

What are the stages of interphase?

A

G1
G2
S

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12
Q

Where do sister chromatids appear?

A

S phase

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13
Q

This phase is entered if the cell does not want to continue cell division?

A

G0

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14
Q

What main purpose of this stage is cell growth

A

interphase

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15
Q

What results in 2 generally identical cells with a fell set of chromosomes?

A

mitosis

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16
Q

What results in 2 genetically different haploid cells?

A

meiosis I

17
Q

What results in 4 genetically different haploid cells?

A

meiosis II

18
Q

What are the order of phases?

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

19
Q

In mitosis, when do the sister chromatids separate?

A

anaphase

20
Q

In mitosis, when do chromosomes condense?

A

prophase

21
Q

In mitosis, when does crossing over occur?

A

none

22
Q

These develop from centromeres and attach to the kinetochores on the chromosomes

A

spindle microtubules

23
Q

What stage can be seen as the opposite of prophase?

A

telophase

24
Q

In chromosome/ DNA molecule counting

A

S: number of DNA molecules doubles
anaphase: number of chromosomes doubles
telophase/cytokinesis: number of chromosomes halves
telophase/cytokinesis: number of DNA halves

25
Q

Meiosis I also known as

A

reduction division

26
Q

True or False: reduction division is when you go from diploid to haploid

A

True

27
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

28
Q

True or False: Meiosis I is most similar to mitosis

A

False

29
Q

What is the purpose of crossing over?

A

genetic variation

30
Q

Where each homologous chromosomes can be paired up with any other homologous chromosome from other sets

A

random distribution in meiosis I

31
Q

How many sperm does one spermatogonium make?

A

4

32
Q

How many eggs (ovum) does one oogonium make?

A

1

BIO 2306 (18 decks)

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