Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 7 - Foods and Feeding > Flashcards

Ch. 7 - Foods and Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O —> C6H12O6 + O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does respiration happen in all organisms’ cells?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is the amount of heat released by the body’s chemical reactions

A

Metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many kJ of energy per molecule of glucose are produced?

A

2870 kJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many oxygen atoms are in a molecule of glucose?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many kJ of energy per fat molecule are produced?

A

10,042 kJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many kJ of energy are produced per liter of oxygen?

A

20.1 kJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metabolic rate equals this rate

A

Rate of O2 consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What four aspects of a species does metabolic rate influence?

A
  1. Activity levels, 2. Competitive abilities, 3. Environment type occupied, 4. Evolutionary success
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What six factors affect metabolic rate?

A
  1. Activity, 2. Climate, 3. Nutritional habits, 4. Phylogeny, 5. Anatomy/physiology, 6. Body size (mass)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to metabolic rate when activity increases?

A

Metabolic rate increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of climate environments produce higher metabolic rates?

A

Extreme environments (hot, cold, dry, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of nutritional habit results in the lowest metabolic rate?

A

Foliovory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of nutritional habit results in the highest metabolic rate?

A

Nectarivory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What group of mammals has the lowest metabolic rate?

A

Marsupials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What group of endotherms has the highest metabolic rate?

A

Flight birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which has a higher metabolic rate: endotherms, or exotherms?

A

Endotherms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What five anatomical/physiological factors influence metabolic rate?

A
  1. Heart rate, 2. Heart size, 3. Lung size, 4. Hematocrit, 5. Density of mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most important overall determining factor of metabolic rate?

A

Body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Kleiber equation?

A

VO2/Mb (Volume of O2 consumption divided by body mass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What slope does the Kleiber equation consistently give?

A

0.75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Do most mammals fall near the slope of 0.75 for the Kleiber equation?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is mass specific metabolic rate?
The metabolic rate divided by a unit of mass
26
What are two animals used at either end of the mass specific metabolic rate graph?
Shrew and elephant
27
Do shrews have higher mass specific metabolic rates than elephants?
Yes
28
If a shrew was scaled up to the size of an elephant, would it require more energy input than the elephant?
Yes
29
What are the six main features of the mammalian digestive anatomy?
1. Esophagus, 2. Stomach, 3. Small intestine, 4. Cecum, 5. Large intestine, 6. Rectum
30
Mammals with this feeding strategy feed on arthropods
Insectivory
31
What are five examples of mammals that are insectivores?
Shrews, moles, bats, armadillo, anteaters
32
What are two skull adaptations of carnivores?
Masseter muscle and carnassial teeth
33
This feeding strategy results in a high protein diet, high digestive efficiency, and is highly developed
Carnivory
33
This feeding strategy has high food availability
Herbivory
34
Does herbivory have high energy and nutrient content?
No
35
What tooth/jaw feature do herbivores have?
Diastema
36
This feeding strategy involves long intestines and a symbiotic relationship with microorganisms
Herbivory
37
What are two ways baby herbivores are inoculated with symbiotic microorganisms?
By ingesting maternal feces or soil
38
What are the two major herbivory strategies for digestion?
Foregut fermentation and hindgut fermentation
39
Which herbivory strategy employs a four-chambered stomach?
Foregut fermentation
40
What is it called when foregut fermenters regurgitate food with enzymes?
Rumination
41
How many times do foregut fermenters ruminate?
Twice (digastric)
42
In order, what are the four chambers of a foregut fermenter's stomach?
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
43
Which chamber of a ruminant's stomach is the primary site of microbial fermentation?
Rumen
44
Which chamber of a ruminant's stomach is where rumination takes place?
Reticulum
45
In this chamber of a ruminant's stomach, fermentation microbes are killed
Abomasum
46
What percentage of cellulose do foregut fermenters utilize?
60%
47
How long is foregut fermenters' passage rate?
80 hours
48
What are five groups of mammals that use foregut fermentation?
Cervids, bovids, camels, giraffes, kangaroos
49
What are three advantages to foregut fermentation?
1. Greater efficiency; 2. Feed in open, ruminate in cover; 3. Microbes destroyed early
50
What are four advantages to hindgut fermentation?
1. Rapid digestion; 2. Rapid absorption; 3. Can feed on poor range; 4. Unaffected by anti-metabolites
51
What are three disadvantages to foregut fermentation?
1. Long digestive period; 2. Require quality forage; 3. Affected by antimetabolites
52
What are three disadvantages of hindgut fermentation?
1. Poor nutrient extraction; 2. Large quantities of forage needed; 3. Consume forage quickly
53
Which type of fermenter uses coprophagy?
Hindgut fermenters
54
What are three groups of mammals that use coprophagy?
Rabbits, rodents and shrews
55
What type of feces do coprophages eat?
Cecal pellets
56
What do granivores eat?
Seeds
57
What are four adaptations to granivory?
Cheek pouches, cacheing behavior, keen smell, keen memory
58
What are three examples of granivorous animals?
Kangaroo rats, pocket gophers, and pocket mice
59
What type of environments are granivores typically found in?
Xeric environments
60
What do granivores rely on from their food in xeric environments?
Nutritional moisture
61
What are folivores?
Leaf eaters
62
What are four examples of folivorous mammal groups?
Sloths, primates, koalas, and pandas
63
What are two disadvantages to folivory?
Poor nutritional value of leaves and presence of antimetabolites in leaves
64
What is a major physical adaptation of folivores?
Opposable appendages
65
What are three adaptations to nectarivory?
1. Degenerative teeth; 2. Elongated, narrow rostrum; 3. Elongated, feathery tongue
66
What is the typical makeup of a nectarivore's diet?
High carbohydrate and low protein
67
What do nectarivores get their protein from?
Pollen
68
To what two environment types are nectarivorous mammals important pollinators?
Tropical and desert environments
69
What are two examples of plants that depend on nectarivorous mammals?
Agave and saguaro
70
What kind of dentition do omnivores have?
Diverse dentition
71
Do omnivores typically have a long or short small intestine?
Long small intestine
72
What type of mammals tend to be piscivorous?
Marine mammals
73
What adaptation do filter feeding mammals have?
Baleen teeth
74
What are baleen teeth made of?
Keratin

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions