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Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 5 - Biogeography > Flashcards

Ch. 5 - Biogeography Flashcards

1
Q

This is the study of patterns of distribution in prehistoric and present species

A

Biogeography (or zoogeography)

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2
Q

What question does biogeography attempt to answer?

A

Why do organisms live where they live?

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3
Q

This is the most cosmopolitan group of mammals

A

Bats

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4
Q

These three mammal groups are nearly cosmopolitan

A

Lutra (otters), murids, cats

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5
Q

These three mammal groups have the widest distribution from pole to pole

A

Lepas, mustella, canis

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6
Q

These species remain following past extinctions

A

Extant species

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7
Q

These species are confined to a specific locale

A

Endemic species

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8
Q

This faunal realm includes North America

A

Nearctic

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9
Q

This faunal realm includes South and Central America

A

Neotropical

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10
Q

This faunal realm includes Europe and most of Asia

A

Palearctic

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11
Q

This faunal realm includes Africa

A

Ethiopian

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12
Q

This faunal realm includes southeast Asia and India

A

Oriental

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13
Q

This faunal realm includes Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea

A

Australasian

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14
Q

What percentage of species has the Nearctic realm exchanged with the Palearctic realm?

A

50%

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15
Q

What percentage of species has the Nearctic realm exchanged with the Neotropical realm?

A

50%

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16
Q

What percentage of species has the Ethiopian realm exchanged with the Oriental realm?

A

70%

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17
Q

This is the largest faunal realm

A

Palearctic

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18
Q

Does the Palearctic realm have any endemic species?

A

No

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19
Q

Does the Palearctic realm have high interchange with other realms?

A

Yes

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20
Q

This faunal realm is mostly tropical and has high interchange with other realms

A

Oriental

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21
Q

What percentage of fauna does the Oriental realm interchange with other realms?

A

75%

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22
Q

Does the Oriental realm have high diversity?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Does the Oriental realm have high endemism?

A

No

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24
Q

How many families are endemic to the Oriental realm?

A

5

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25
Q

What are five families endemic to the Oriental realm?

A

Indian elephants, Indian rhinos, primates, shrews, moles

26
Q

What is another name for the Ethiopian realm?

A

Afrotropical

27
Q

This realm has the greatest diversity

A

Ethiopian (Afrotropical)

28
Q

This island in the Ethiopian realm is the oldest in the world

A

Madagascar

29
Q

Does Madagascar have high endemism?

A

Yes

30
Q

How many temperate zones does the North/South orientation of the Ethiopian realm span?

A

2

31
Q

Was there widespread domestication of plants and animals in Africa compared to globally?

A

No

32
Q

Was there massive extinction of megafauna associated with arrival of humans in North America?

A

Yes

33
Q

Was there massive extinction of megafauna associated with arrival of humans in Africa?

A

No

34
Q

In what two regions in the Nearctic realm is there the greatest diversity?

A

West and South

35
Q

Does the Nearctic realm have recent horses?

A

No

36
Q

What are the two endemic mammal species in the Nearctic realm?

A

Pronghorn and mountain beaver

37
Q

How many endemic species are there in the Neotropical realm?

A

22

38
Q

What are two reasons why there is high endemism in the Neotropical realm?

A

Isolation and favorable climate

39
Q

The Neotropical realm has an absence of these mammals

A

Large ungulates

40
Q

In what direction does diversity decrease in the Neotropical realm?

A

North to South

41
Q

With what realm does the Neotropical realm share prehistoric fauna?

A

Ethiopian

42
Q

This happened 3 million years ago and allowed mammals to migrate between North and South America

A

Great American Interchange

43
Q

This land bridge connected North America and Asia

A

Bering Land Bridge

44
Q

This land bridge connects North and South America

A

Panama Land Bridge

45
Q

How did the Great American Interchange affect North American mammal diversity?

A

Diversity was unchanged

46
Q

How did the Great American Interchange affect mammal diversity in South America?

A

Increased diversity

47
Q

During the Great American Interchange, these five mammal groups migrated north

A

Sloths, porcupines, opossums, armadillos, anteaters

48
Q

During the Great American Interchange, these six mammal groups migrated south

A

Elephants, canines, felines, camels, bears, horses

49
Q

What percentage of South American mammals are from North America?

A

50%

50
Q

What percentage of North American mammals are from South America?

A

10%

51
Q

Did North or South America have more diversity before the Great American Interchange?

A

North America

52
Q

What percentage of North American mammals moved to South America?

A

13%

53
Q

What percentage of South American mammals moved to North America?

A

10%

54
Q

In what three areas did North American mammals have an advantage over South American mammals?

A

Migration, competition, speciation

55
Q

This faunal realm has the lowest mammal diversity and the fewest placental mammals

A

Australasian

56
Q

How many species are endemic to the Australasian realm?

A

17

57
Q

In what two mammal groups are most Australasian endemic species?

A

Monotremes and marsupials

58
Q

This is a migration barrier that has separated the Oriental and Australasian realms

A

Wallace’s Line

59
Q

How many families of freshwater fish are in the Oriental realm?

A

28

60
Q

How many families of freshwater fish are in the Australasian realm?

A

2

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

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