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ecology of mammals > Ch. 6 - Integument, Support and Movement > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Integument, Support and Movement Flashcards

1
Q

This is the non-vascular layer of the skin where keratin is found

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

This vascularized layer of the skin has high adipose content

A

Subcutaneous

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3
Q

This layer of the skin is vascularized and is the origin of hair, glands, and nerve endings

A

Dermis

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4
Q

What are the two types of hair?

A

Body hair and vibrissae

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5
Q

What is body hair also known as?

A

Pelage

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6
Q

This type of body hair is most common, is ever-growing, and lies flat in one direction

A

Awns

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7
Q

What are three examples of awns?

A

Wool, fur, and embryonic velli

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8
Q

This type of body hair is longer than awns and found in mains and tails

A

Bristles

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9
Q

This type of body hair is used for protection

A

Spines

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10
Q

What are the three types of molting?

A

Post-juvenile, annual and seasonal

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11
Q

This type of hair (also known as whiskers) is sensory and is found in all mammals except humans

A

Vibrissae

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12
Q

What are the three types of glands closely associated with the skin?

A

Sebaceous, suderiferous and mammary glands

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13
Q

These glands are associated with hair follicles; cover everywhere except palms and foot pads; secrete sebum; and keep semi-aquatic mammals waterproof

A

Sebaceous glands

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14
Q

These sebaceous glands have highly concentrated pheromones

A

Scent glands

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15
Q

What are three uses of the pheromones from scent glands?

A

Defense, territoriality, and social interactions (mating)

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16
Q

Suderiferous glands are absent in what two groups of mammals?

A

Rodents and echidnas

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17
Q

What percent of suderiferous gland production is water and what percent is salts/metabolic wastes?

A

95% water and 5% salts and metabolic wastes

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18
Q

What two types of cooling do suderiferous glands help with?

A

Evaporative and convective

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19
Q

What are the two types of suderiferous glands?

A

Eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

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20
Q

This type of sweat gland is hormonally controlled at sexual maturity

A

Apocrine sweat gland

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21
Q

This type of sweat gland is extensive (450 per square centimeter), but is absent in lips and cuticles (hooves, nails)

A

Eccrine sweat gland

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22
Q

What is milk made of?

A

Mostly water, protein, and fat

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23
Q

This group of mammals have higher fat content in their milk

A

Marine mammals

24
Q

What are the two types of horns?

A

True horns and pseudohorns

25
Q

What are three uses of horns?

A

Intraspecific competition among males; predator defense; and indicators of social rank/fitness

26
Q

Only this group of mammals has true horns

A

Bovids

27
Q

Do both sexes have true horns?

A

Yes

28
Q

Are true horns typically branched?

A

No

29
Q

Do mammals shed their true horns?

A

No

30
Q

Do true horns have growth rings?

A

Yes

31
Q

How are true horns characterized anatomically?

A

Derived from the skull and covered by epidermis (keratin)

32
Q

What are three examples of animals with pseudohorns?

A

Pronghorn, giraffe, rhinoceros

33
Q

What characterizes pronghorn pseudohorns?

A

Bone core covered by keratin/hair

34
Q

What characterizes giraffe pseudohorns?

A

Permanently covered by skin

35
Q

What characterizes rhinoceros pseudohorns?

A

No bone, keratinized hair

36
Q

What group of mammals has antlers?

A

Cervidae

37
Q

Both males and females have antlers in this group of Cervids

A

Caribou/reindeer

38
Q

Are antlers made entirely of branched bone?

A

Yes

39
Q

When are antlers covered with highly vascularized tissue?

A

During growth

40
Q

What is the highly vascularized tissue that covers antlers during growth called?

A

Velvet

41
Q

When hormone production decreases and nutrient supply ceases, this happens to antlers

A

Shedding

42
Q

These are used for climbing, defense and digging, and grow constantly

A

Claws

43
Q

These are found in primates only, and are found on the dorsal surface of digits

A

Nails

44
Q

Nails allow for this on each digit

A

Greater area for sensory development

45
Q

These are found in ungulates only, from a reduced number of digits

A

Hooves

46
Q

These ungulates have an odd number of digits

A

Perissodactyls

47
Q

These ungulates have 2 digits

A

Artiodactyls

48
Q

This type of movement can be quadrupedal or bipedal

A

Ambulatory

49
Q

This type of movement describes running

A

Cursorial

50
Q

This type of movement describes walking on the entire foot

A

Plantigrade

51
Q

This type of movement describes walking on the toes

A

Digitigrade

52
Q

This type of movement is used by hooved animals walking on the tips of their toes

A

Unguligrade

53
Q

This type of movement describes jumping

A

Saltatorial

54
Q

This type of movement describes flight

A

Volant

55
Q

This type of movement describes grasping

A

Prehensile

ecology of mammals (21 decks)

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