Ch. 6 - Integument, Support and Movement

Question 1

This is the non-vascular layer of the skin where keratin is found

Answer 1

Epidermis

Question 2

This vascularized layer of the skin has high adipose content

Answer 2

Subcutaneous

Question 3

This layer of the skin is vascularized and is the origin of hair, glands, and nerve endings

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

What are the two types of hair?

Answer 4

Body hair and vibrissae

Question 5

What is body hair also known as?

Answer 5

Pelage

Question 6

This type of body hair is most common, is ever-growing, and lies flat in one direction

Answer 6

Awns

Question 7

What are three examples of awns?

Answer 7

Wool, fur, and embryonic velli

Question 8

This type of body hair is longer than awns and found in mains and tails

Answer 8

Bristles

Question 9

This type of body hair is used for protection

Answer 9

Spines

Question 10

What are the three types of molting?

Answer 10

Post-juvenile, annual and seasonal

Question 11

This type of hair (also known as whiskers) is sensory and is found in all mammals except humans

Answer 11

Vibrissae

Question 12

What are the three types of glands closely associated with the skin?

Answer 12

Sebaceous, suderiferous and mammary glands

Question 13

These glands are associated with hair follicles; cover everywhere except palms and foot pads; secrete sebum; and keep semi-aquatic mammals waterproof

Answer 13

Sebaceous glands

Question 14

These sebaceous glands have highly concentrated pheromones

Answer 14

Scent glands

Question 15

What are three uses of the pheromones from scent glands?

Answer 15

Defense, territoriality, and social interactions (mating)

Question 16

Suderiferous glands are absent in what two groups of mammals?

Answer 16

Rodents and echidnas

Question 17

What percent of suderiferous gland production is water and what percent is salts/metabolic wastes?

Answer 17

95% water and 5% salts and metabolic wastes

Question 18

What two types of cooling do suderiferous glands help with?

Answer 18

Evaporative and convective

Question 19

What are the two types of suderiferous glands?

Answer 19

Eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands

Question 20

This type of sweat gland is hormonally controlled at sexual maturity

Answer 20

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 21

This type of sweat gland is extensive (450 per square centimeter), but is absent in lips and cuticles (hooves, nails)

Answer 21

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 22

What is milk made of?

Answer 22

Mostly water, protein, and fat

Question 23

This group of mammals have higher fat content in their milk

Answer 23

Marine mammals

Question 24

What are the two types of horns?

Answer 24

True horns and pseudohorns

Question 25

What are three uses of horns?

Answer 25

Intraspecific competition among males; predator defense; and indicators of social rank/fitness

Question 26

Only this group of mammals has true horns

Answer 26

Bovids

Question 27

Do both sexes have true horns?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Are true horns typically branched?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

Do mammals shed their true horns?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Do true horns have growth rings?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

How are true horns characterized anatomically?

Answer 31

Derived from the skull and covered by epidermis (keratin)

Question 32

What are three examples of animals with pseudohorns?

Answer 32

Pronghorn, giraffe, rhinoceros

Question 33

What characterizes pronghorn pseudohorns?

Answer 33

Bone core covered by keratin/hair

Question 34

What characterizes giraffe pseudohorns?

Answer 34

Permanently covered by skin

Question 35

What characterizes rhinoceros pseudohorns?

Answer 35

No bone, keratinized hair

Question 36

What group of mammals has antlers?

Answer 36

Cervidae

Question 37

Both males and females have antlers in this group of Cervids

Answer 37

Caribou/reindeer

Question 38

Are antlers made entirely of branched bone?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

When are antlers covered with highly vascularized tissue?

Answer 39

During growth

Question 40

What is the highly vascularized tissue that covers antlers during growth called?

Answer 40

Velvet

Question 41

When hormone production decreases and nutrient supply ceases, this happens to antlers

Answer 41

Shedding

Question 42

These are used for climbing, defense and digging, and grow constantly

Answer 42

Claws

Question 43

These are found in primates only, and are found on the dorsal surface of digits

Answer 43

Nails

Question 44

Nails allow for this on each digit

Answer 44

Greater area for sensory development

Question 45

These are found in ungulates only, from a reduced number of digits

Answer 45

Hooves

Question 46

These ungulates have an odd number of digits

Answer 46

Perissodactyls

Question 47

These ungulates have 2 digits

Answer 47

Artiodactyls

Question 48

This type of movement can be quadrupedal or bipedal

Answer 48

Ambulatory

Question 49

This type of movement describes running

Answer 49

Cursorial

Question 50

This type of movement describes walking on the entire foot

Answer 50

Plantigrade

Question 51

This type of movement describes walking on the toes

Answer 51

Digitigrade

Question 52

This type of movement is used by hooved animals walking on the tips of their toes

Answer 52

Unguligrade

Question 53

This type of movement describes jumping

Answer 53

Saltatorial

Question 54

This type of movement describes flight

Answer 54

Volant

Question 55

This type of movement describes grasping

Answer 55

Prehensile