Ch. 24 - Dispersal

Question 1

This is movement from a point of origin to an area where reproduction occurs

Answer 1

Dispersion

Question 2

Is spatial distribution typically uniform, random, or clumped?

Answer 2

Clumped

Question 3

Why does spatial distribution tend to be clumped?

Answer 3

Resources tend to be clumped

Question 4

What are the three types of temporal distribution?

Answer 4

Immigration, emigration, migration

Question 5

What are three types of daily temporal distribution?

Answer 5

Diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular

Question 6

What are the two types of dispersal?

Answer 6

Passive and active

Question 7

Plants and insects commonly use this type of dispersal

Answer 7

Passive dispersal

Question 8

What are four vectors of passive dispersal?

Answer 8

Wind, gravity, water, animals

Question 9

Mammals and birds use this type of dispersal

Answer 9

Active dispersal

Question 10

This is the dispersal of young

Answer 10

Natal dispersal

Question 11

This leads to aggression between older/younger individuals or individuals within the same sex

Answer 11

Social dispersal

Question 12

Social dispersal is common in this group of mammals

Answer 12

Rodents

Question 13

This is the return to the place of birth for breeding

Answer 13

Philopatry

Question 14

These are dispersal/migratory routes that offer little resistance

Answer 14

Corridors

Question 15

Corridors allow this in ecosystems

Answer 15

Ecological connectivity

Question 16

These allow the dispersal/migration of certain animals and stop others

Answer 16

Filters

Question 17

What are four examples of dispersal filters?

Answer 17

Mountain ranges, deserts, tropics, land bridges

Question 18

What are five benefits of dispersal?

Answer 18

1. Reduces inbreeding; 2. Expansion into new habitat; 3. Repopulation of extirpated areas; 4. Enabling sink populations; 5. Reduces intraspecific conflict

Question 19

What are two risks of dispersal?

Answer 19

1. Inherent dispersal/migratory risks; 2. Potentially populating less suitable habitat

Question 20

This is large-scale movement across habitat types that may or may not require a return trip

Answer 20

Migration

Question 21

What are four examples of mammals that migrate?

Answer 21

Bats, ungulates, whales, pinnipeds

Question 22

What are three things that migration results from?

Answer 22

1. Evolution adaptation; 2. Environmental adaptation; 3. Selective pressure

Question 23

What is an evolutionary advantage of migration?

Answer 23

Access to multiple habitats

Question 24

What are two selective pressures that lead to migration?

Answer 24

Predation and social pressures

Question 25

What are three levels of migration frequencies?

Answer 25

Daily, seasonal, once in a lifetime

Question 26

These mammals migrate daily

Answer 26

Bats

Question 27

Most species migrate at this frequency

Answer 27

Seasonally

Question 28

What are three ways mammals can orient/navigate during migration?

Answer 28

1. Solar position; 2. Magnetic fields; 3. Piloting

Question 29

What are two examples of mammals that use solar position to migrate?

Answer 29

Ground squirrels and burrowers

Question 30

What group of mammals uses magnetic fields to migrate?

Answer 30

Rodents

Question 31

This is the use of landmarks to orient/navigate

Answer 31

Piloting

Question 32

This is the only animal species to migrate twice annually

Answer 32

Grey whale

Question 33

What is the average distance of a grey whale migration?

Answer 33

13,000 miles

Question 34

How many days a year do grey whales spend migrating at sea?

Answer 34

250

Question 35

Where are the grey whale’s warm weather feeding grounds?

Answer 35

Bering Sea

Question 36

Where are the grey whale’s cold weather breeding grounds?

Answer 36

Baja California