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Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 24 - Dispersal > Flashcards

Ch. 24 - Dispersal Flashcards

1
Q

This is movement from a point of origin to an area where reproduction occurs

A

Dispersion

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2
Q

Is spatial distribution typically uniform, random, or clumped?

A

Clumped

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3
Q

Why does spatial distribution tend to be clumped?

A

Resources tend to be clumped

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4
Q

What are the three types of temporal distribution?

A

Immigration, emigration, migration

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5
Q

What are three types of daily temporal distribution?

A

Diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular

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6
Q

What are the two types of dispersal?

A

Passive and active

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7
Q

Plants and insects commonly use this type of dispersal

A

Passive dispersal

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8
Q

What are four vectors of passive dispersal?

A

Wind, gravity, water, animals

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9
Q

Mammals and birds use this type of dispersal

A

Active dispersal

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10
Q

This is the dispersal of young

A

Natal dispersal

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11
Q

This leads to aggression between older/younger individuals or individuals within the same sex

A

Social dispersal

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12
Q

Social dispersal is common in this group of mammals

A

Rodents

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13
Q

This is the return to the place of birth for breeding

A

Philopatry

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14
Q

These are dispersal/migratory routes that offer little resistance

A

Corridors

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15
Q

Corridors allow this in ecosystems

A

Ecological connectivity

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16
Q

These allow the dispersal/migration of certain animals and stop others

A

Filters

17
Q

What are four examples of dispersal filters?

A

Mountain ranges, deserts, tropics, land bridges

18
Q

What are five benefits of dispersal?

A
  1. Reduces inbreeding; 2. Expansion into new habitat; 3. Repopulation of extirpated areas; 4. Enabling sink populations; 5. Reduces intraspecific conflict
19
Q

What are two risks of dispersal?

A
  1. Inherent dispersal/migratory risks; 2. Potentially populating less suitable habitat
20
Q

This is large-scale movement across habitat types that may or may not require a return trip

A

Migration

21
Q

What are four examples of mammals that migrate?

A

Bats, ungulates, whales, pinnipeds

22
Q

What are three things that migration results from?

A
  1. Evolution adaptation; 2. Environmental adaptation; 3. Selective pressure
23
Q

What is an evolutionary advantage of migration?

A

Access to multiple habitats

24
Q

What are two selective pressures that lead to migration?

A

Predation and social pressures

25
Q

What are three levels of migration frequencies?

A

Daily, seasonal, once in a lifetime

26
Q

These mammals migrate daily

A

Bats

27
Q

Most species migrate at this frequency

A

Seasonally

28
Q

What are three ways mammals can orient/navigate during migration?

A
  1. Solar position; 2. Magnetic fields; 3. Piloting
29
Q

What are two examples of mammals that use solar position to migrate?

A

Ground squirrels and burrowers

30
Q

What group of mammals uses magnetic fields to migrate?

A

Rodents

31
Q

This is the use of landmarks to orient/navigate

A

Piloting

32
Q

This is the only animal species to migrate twice annually

A

Grey whale

33
Q

What is the average distance of a grey whale migration?

A

13,000 miles

34
Q

How many days a year do grey whales spend migrating at sea?

A

250

35
Q

Where are the grey whale’s warm weather feeding grounds?

A

Bering Sea

36
Q

Where are the grey whale’s cold weather breeding grounds?

A

Baja California

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

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