Ch. 24 - Dispersal Flashcards

1
Q

This is movement from a point of origin to an area where reproduction occurs

A

Dispersion

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2
Q

Is spatial distribution typically uniform, random, or clumped?

A

Clumped

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3
Q

Why does spatial distribution tend to be clumped?

A

Resources tend to be clumped

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4
Q

What are the three types of temporal distribution?

A

Immigration, emigration, migration

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5
Q

What are three types of daily temporal distribution?

A

Diurnal, nocturnal, and crepuscular

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6
Q

What are the two types of dispersal?

A

Passive and active

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7
Q

Plants and insects commonly use this type of dispersal

A

Passive dispersal

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8
Q

What are four vectors of passive dispersal?

A

Wind, gravity, water, animals

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9
Q

Mammals and birds use this type of dispersal

A

Active dispersal

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10
Q

This is the dispersal of young

A

Natal dispersal

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11
Q

This leads to aggression between older/younger individuals or individuals within the same sex

A

Social dispersal

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12
Q

Social dispersal is common in this group of mammals

A

Rodents

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13
Q

This is the return to the place of birth for breeding

A

Philopatry

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14
Q

These are dispersal/migratory routes that offer little resistance

A

Corridors

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15
Q

Corridors allow this in ecosystems

A

Ecological connectivity

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16
Q

These allow the dispersal/migration of certain animals and stop others

17
Q

What are four examples of dispersal filters?

A

Mountain ranges, deserts, tropics, land bridges

18
Q

What are five benefits of dispersal?

A
  1. Reduces inbreeding; 2. Expansion into new habitat; 3. Repopulation of extirpated areas; 4. Enabling sink populations; 5. Reduces intraspecific conflict
19
Q

What are two risks of dispersal?

A
  1. Inherent dispersal/migratory risks; 2. Potentially populating less suitable habitat
20
Q

This is large-scale movement across habitat types that may or may not require a return trip

21
Q

What are four examples of mammals that migrate?

A

Bats, ungulates, whales, pinnipeds

22
Q

What are three things that migration results from?

A
  1. Evolution adaptation; 2. Environmental adaptation; 3. Selective pressure
23
Q

What is an evolutionary advantage of migration?

A

Access to multiple habitats

24
Q

What are two selective pressures that lead to migration?

A

Predation and social pressures

25
What are three levels of migration frequencies?
Daily, seasonal, once in a lifetime
26
These mammals migrate daily
Bats
27
Most species migrate at this frequency
Seasonally
28
What are three ways mammals can orient/navigate during migration?
1. Solar position; 2. Magnetic fields; 3. Piloting
29
What are two examples of mammals that use solar position to migrate?
Ground squirrels and burrowers
30
What group of mammals uses magnetic fields to migrate?
Rodents
31
This is the use of landmarks to orient/navigate
Piloting
32
This is the only animal species to migrate twice annually
Grey whale
33
What is the average distance of a grey whale migration?
13,000 miles
34
How many days a year do grey whales spend migrating at sea?
250
35
Where are the grey whale's warm weather feeding grounds?
Bering Sea
36
Where are the grey whale's cold weather breeding grounds?
Baja California