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Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 16 - Rodentia and Lagomorpha > Flashcards

Ch. 16 - Rodentia and Lagomorpha Flashcards

1
Q

This is the largest mammal order

A

Order Rodentia

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2
Q

About how many species are in Order Rodentia?

A

2000

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3
Q

What percent of all mammals are rodents?

A

46%

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4
Q

What are two places on Earth that lack rodents?

A

Antarctica and New Zealand

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5
Q

What shapes rodent incisors into chisels?

A

An enamel anterior and more posterior wear

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6
Q

Are rodent incisors open-rooted?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Are rodent incisors ever-growing?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Rodents usually have fewer than this many teeth

A

22

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9
Q

Do rodents have canines?

A

No

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10
Q

This rodent family contains squirrels

A

Sciuridae

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11
Q

About how many species are in Family Sciuridae?

A

300

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12
Q

These squirrels are nocturnal and posses a patagium

A

Flying squirrels

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13
Q

What are two species of tree squirrels found in the eastern U.S.?

A

Grey and red tree squirrels

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14
Q

These squirrels are found in the western U.S.

A

Rock squirrels

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15
Q

What are four examples of ground squirrels?

A

Prairie dogs, marmots, chipmunks, woodchucks

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16
Q

This rodent family contains beavers

A

Castoridae

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17
Q

These are the largest North America rodents

A

Beavers

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18
Q

How many beaver species are in North America?

A

2

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19
Q

Are beavers nocturnal or diurnal?

A

Nocturnal

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20
Q

Are beavers polygamous or monogamous?

A

Monogamous

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21
Q

These are beavers’ only natural predator control

A

Wolves

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22
Q

Beavers have these to aid in eating tree cambium

A

Symbiotic bacteria in caecum

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23
Q

This rodent family contains the kangaroo rats and silky pocket mice

A

Heteromyidae

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24
Q

Are Heteromyidae a New World or Old World family?

A

New World

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25
Q

What type of environment do heteromyids prefer?

A

Arid/semi arid

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26
Q

What feeding strategy do heteromyids use?

A

Granivory

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27
Q

What are two ways heteromyids conserve water?

A

Highly concentrated urine and dietary water

28
Q

This family contains pocket gophers

A

Geomyidae

29
Q

Are Geomyidae a New World or Old World family?

A

New World

30
Q

How many species of Geomyidae are there?

A

35

31
Q

Are geomyids entirely fossorial?

A

Yes

32
Q

What are three food sources of geomyids?

A

Roots, plants, prickly pear

33
Q

This feature keeps geomyids from getting dirt in their mouths as they dig

A

Lips close behind exposed incisors

34
Q

This geomyid feature is naked and highly sensitive

A

Tail

35
Q

Both heteromyids and geomyids have this feature to store seeds

A

External, fur-lined cheek pouches

36
Q

This rodent family includes chinchillas, guinea pigs and capybaras

A

Hystricidae

37
Q

Where are most hystricids found?

A

South America

38
Q

What is an example of a North American hystricid?

A

Porcupine

39
Q

What do porcupines eat?

A

Cambium layer of trees

40
Q

What trees do porcupines prefer to feed on in the western U.S.?

A

Conifers

41
Q

What trees do porcupines prefer to feed on in the eastern U.S.?

A

Hardwoods (maple, beech)

42
Q

Do porcupines live in groups?

A

No

43
Q

Do porcupines have a long gestation?

A

Yes

44
Q

How many offspring do porcupines have at a time?

A

1

45
Q

What are three characteristics of precocial porcupine young?

A

Open eyes, teeth, quills

46
Q

What are two potential porcupine predators?

A

Fishers, ravens

47
Q

On what three continents are porcupines found?

A

North America, South America, Europe

48
Q

This family includes New World mice and Old World rats

A

Family Muridae

49
Q

How many species are in Family Muridae?

A

> 1300

50
Q

What percent of all mammals are in Family Muridae?

A

28%

51
Q

How many teeth do murids typically have?

A

<16

52
Q

What are three examples of New World mice?

A

Voles, lemmings, muskrats

53
Q

What are three examples of Old World murids?

A

Rats, hamsters, gerbils

54
Q

How many Peromyscus species are in Oklahoma?

A

8

55
Q

How many woodrat (Neotoma) species are in Oklahoma?

A

4

56
Q

What are two Old World rats in Oklahoma?

A

Norway rat and house mouse

57
Q

What are five characteristics of Muridae reproduction?

A

Early sexual maturity; Large litter sizes; Polygynandrous; Postpartum estrous; Delayed implantation

58
Q

Muridae population sizes experience these

A

Frequent, sometimes cyclic oscillations

59
Q

What are five potential causes of cyclic Muridae population oscillations?

A

Sunspots, predation, senescence, immunocompetance, social aggression

60
Q

This order contains rabbits, hares, and pikas

A

Order Lagomorpha

61
Q

What distinctive teeth do lagomorphs have?

A

Peg teeth behind their incisors

62
Q

These lagomorphs have altricial young

A

Rabbits

63
Q

These lagomorphs have precocial young

A

Hares

64
Q

What is a non-visible difference between rabbits and hares?

A

Chromosomal differences (2N)

65
Q

How many rabbit species are in Oklahoma?

A

4

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

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