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Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 1 - The Science of Mammalogy > Flashcards

Ch. 1 - The Science of Mammalogy Flashcards

1
Q

About how many species of mammals are found north of Mexico in North America?

A

400

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2
Q

About how many species of mammals are there globally?

A

5,400

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3
Q

About how many species of birds are there globally?

A

9,600

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4
Q

About how many species of fish are there globally?

A

40,000

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5
Q

To what kingdom do mammals belong?

A

Animalia

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6
Q

To what phylum do mammals belong?

A

Chordata

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7
Q

To what subphylum do mammals belong?

A

Vertebrata

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8
Q

To what class do mammals belong?

A

Mammalia

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9
Q

Which three Greek scientists used fossil evidence and anecdotal observations to describe structure and behavior?

A

Hippocrates, Aristotle and Pliny

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10
Q

Which scientist wrote System Naturae in 1758 and introduced binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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11
Q

Which US president had fossils of sloths and mastodons and organized the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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12
Q

What years did the Lewis and Clark Expedition take place?

A

1804-1806

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13
Q

What are four mammal species that the Lewis and Clark Expedition encountered and described?

A

Pronghorn, grizzly bear, Eastern woodrat, and black-tailed prairie dog

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14
Q

Who explored the Arkansas River and central Oklahoma in 1832?

A

Washington Irving

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15
Q

Who explored the Creek-Cherokee boundary in 1849-1850

A

Samuel Woodhouse

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16
Q

These fur companies explored and kept records of animals caught prior to even the American Revolution

A

Hudson Bay and Missouri Fur Cos.

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17
Q

This industry kept highly detailed records of animals caught throughout the 1800s

A

Whaling industry

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18
Q

What are the three inner ear ossicles unique to mammals?

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes

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19
Q

What are two advantages that inner ear ossicles gave to mammals?

A

Increased hearing capacity and access to nocturnal habits

20
Q

How many mandible bones do mammals have?

A

1

21
Q

What skull bone does the mammalian mandible articulate with?

A

Squamosal bone

22
Q

What large muscle attaches to the mammalian mandible?

A

Masseter

23
Q

What are two advantages for mammals having strong jaw muscle attachments?

A

Feeding diversity and greater crushing power

24
Q

These animals have different types of teeth

A

Heterodonts

25
Q

These animals have teeth that are all the same/similar

A

Homodonts

26
Q

What are the four different types of teeth in heterodonts?

A

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

27
Q

Some mammals lack canines and instead have a gap between their incisors and premolars, known as this

A

Diastema

28
Q

What are two examples of mammals that are not heterodonts?

A

Armadillos and baleen whales

29
Q

If an animal has 3-1-4-2 dentition, how many teeth does it have total?

A

40

30
Q

If an animal has a diastema, 8 total incisors, 16 total premolars, and 8 total molars, what is its dentition?

A

2-0-4-2

31
Q

What are animals that have 2 sets of teeth in their lifetimes?

A

Diphyodonts

32
Q

What are animals that have only 1 set of teeth their entire lives?

A

Monodonts

33
Q

What two pharynxes does the bony secondary palate separate?

A

Naso- and oropharynx

34
Q

What three advantages did the bony secondary palate give mammals?

A

Suckling capability, communication, and high metabolism rate (due to increased air warming and eating abilities)

35
Q

These are made of cartilage and give extra flexibility to juvenile mammals (and birds).

A

Epiphyseal plates

36
Q

These features of the mammalian skull attach to the C1 vertebrae.

A

Occipital condyles

37
Q

This uniquely mammalian feature aids in thermal regulation and sensory functions

A

Hair/pelage

38
Q

All but two egg-laying mammalian taxa have these, which feature high lipid secretion

A

Mammary glands

39
Q

This mammalian anatomical feature separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and assists in breathing

A

Muscular diaphragm

40
Q

What do mammalian red blood cells lack?

A

Nucleus

41
Q

How many chambers does a mammalian (and avian and reptilian) heart have?

A

4

42
Q

This mammal taxa lacks a placenta

A

Protherians

43
Q

What taxa do placental mammals belong to?

A

Therians

44
Q

These therian mammals are primitive placentals

A

Metatherians

45
Q

These therian mammals are true placentals

A

Eutherians

46
Q

These are unique to mammals and allow them to communicate via facial expressions

A

Facial muscles

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

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