Ch. 1 - The Science of Mammalogy

Question 1

About how many species of mammals are found north of Mexico in North America?

Answer 1

400

Question 2

About how many species of mammals are there globally?

Answer 2

5,400

Question 3

About how many species of birds are there globally?

Answer 3

9,600

Question 4

About how many species of fish are there globally?

Answer 4

40,000

Question 5

To what kingdom do mammals belong?

Answer 5

Animalia

Question 6

To what phylum do mammals belong?

Answer 6

Chordata

Question 7

To what subphylum do mammals belong?

Answer 7

Vertebrata

Question 8

To what class do mammals belong?

Answer 8

Mammalia

Question 9

Which three Greek scientists used fossil evidence and anecdotal observations to describe structure and behavior?

Answer 9

Hippocrates, Aristotle and Pliny

Question 10

Which scientist wrote System Naturae in 1758 and introduced binomial nomenclature?

Answer 10

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 11

Which US president had fossils of sloths and mastodons and organized the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase?

Answer 11

Thomas Jefferson

Question 12

What years did the Lewis and Clark Expedition take place?

Answer 12

1804-1806

Question 13

What are four mammal species that the Lewis and Clark Expedition encountered and described?

Answer 13

Pronghorn, grizzly bear, Eastern woodrat, and black-tailed prairie dog

Question 14

Who explored the Arkansas River and central Oklahoma in 1832?

Answer 14

Washington Irving

Question 15

Who explored the Creek-Cherokee boundary in 1849-1850

Answer 15

Samuel Woodhouse

Question 16

These fur companies explored and kept records of animals caught prior to even the American Revolution

Answer 16

Hudson Bay and Missouri Fur Cos.

Question 17

This industry kept highly detailed records of animals caught throughout the 1800s

Answer 17

Whaling industry

Question 18

What are the three inner ear ossicles unique to mammals?

Answer 18

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 19

What are two advantages that inner ear ossicles gave to mammals?

Answer 19

Increased hearing capacity and access to nocturnal habits

Question 20

How many mandible bones do mammals have?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

What skull bone does the mammalian mandible articulate with?

Answer 21

Squamosal bone

Question 22

What large muscle attaches to the mammalian mandible?

Answer 22

Masseter

Question 23

What are two advantages for mammals having strong jaw muscle attachments?

Answer 23

Feeding diversity and greater crushing power

Question 24

These animals have different types of teeth

Answer 24

Heterodonts

Question 25

These animals have teeth that are all the same/similar

Answer 25

Homodonts

Question 26

What are the four different types of teeth in heterodonts?

Answer 26

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 27

Some mammals lack canines and instead have a gap between their incisors and premolars, known as this

Answer 27

Diastema

Question 28

What are two examples of mammals that are not heterodonts?

Answer 28

Armadillos and baleen whales

Question 29

If an animal has 3-1-4-2 dentition, how many teeth does it have total?

Answer 29

40

Question 30

If an animal has a diastema, 8 total incisors, 16 total premolars, and 8 total molars, what is its dentition?

Answer 30

2-0-4-2

Question 31

What are animals that have 2 sets of teeth in their lifetimes?

Answer 31

Diphyodonts

Question 32

What are animals that have only 1 set of teeth their entire lives?

Answer 32

Monodonts

Question 33

What two pharynxes does the bony secondary palate separate?

Answer 33

Naso- and oropharynx

Question 34

What three advantages did the bony secondary palate give mammals?

Answer 34

Suckling capability, communication, and high metabolism rate (due to increased air warming and eating abilities)

Question 35

These are made of cartilage and give extra flexibility to juvenile mammals (and birds).

Answer 35

Epiphyseal plates

Question 36

These features of the mammalian skull attach to the C1 vertebrae.

Answer 36

Occipital condyles

Question 37

This uniquely mammalian feature aids in thermal regulation and sensory functions

Answer 37

Hair/pelage

Question 38

All but two egg-laying mammalian taxa have these, which feature high lipid secretion

Answer 38

Mammary glands

Question 39

This mammalian anatomical feature separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and assists in breathing

Answer 39

Muscular diaphragm

Question 40

What do mammalian red blood cells lack?

Answer 40

Nucleus

Question 41

How many chambers does a mammalian (and avian and reptilian) heart have?

Answer 41

4

Question 42

This mammal taxa lacks a placenta

Answer 42

Protherians

Question 43

What taxa do placental mammals belong to?

Answer 43

Therians

Question 44

These therian mammals are primitive placentals

Answer 44

Metatherians

Question 45

These therian mammals are true placentals

Answer 45

Eutherians

Question 46

These are unique to mammals and allow them to communicate via facial expressions

Answer 46

Facial muscles