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Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 22 - Mating > Flashcards

Ch. 22 - Mating Flashcards

1
Q

This produces traits that impact the ability to acquire a mate

A

Sexual selection

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2
Q

What are the two types of sexual selection?

A

Intersexual and intrasexual selection

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3
Q

In this type of sexual selection, both sexes are involved

A

Intersexual selection

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4
Q

In intersexual selection, this is selected for by a female

A

Specific trait in a male

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5
Q

Intersexual selection is more common in this group of animals

A

Birds

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6
Q

What are three examples of traits selected for in intersexual selection?

A

Body size, coloration, antler size/shape

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7
Q

What do intersexual selection traits indicate in males?

A

Male condition (sometimes immunological condition)

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8
Q

This species became extinct due to extreme sexual selection

A

Irish elk

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9
Q

In this type of sexual selection, only one sex is involved

A

Intrasexual selection

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10
Q

Intrasexual selection usually involves this type of competition

A

Male-male competition

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11
Q

Intrasexual selection is very common in this group of mammals

A

Ungulates

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12
Q

What are four mammal groups that use intrasexual selection?

A

Bovids, cervids, primates, pinnipeds

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13
Q

In intrasexual selection, when do solitary males congregate?

A

During the rut

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14
Q

What are three physical characteristics that have developed for success in intrasexual selection?

A

Horns, antlers, canines

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15
Q

This is the cost of parental behavior increasing the offspring’s chances of survival

A

Parental investment

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16
Q

Parental investment is primarily by this parent

A

Adult female

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17
Q

What are two examples of adult female parental investment?

A

Gestation and lactation

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18
Q

What percent of males provide parental investment and care?

A

10%

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19
Q

What type of young usually receive male parental investment?

A

Altricial young

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20
Q

What are three mammal groups that commonly have male parental investment?

A

Carnivores, rodents, primates

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21
Q

This is the energy expanded and risk taken during breeding and raising young

A

Reproductive effort

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22
Q

This form of reproductive effort happens in regular intervals

A

Iteroparity

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23
Q

This type of reproductive effort happens in a single effort

A

Semelparity

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24
Q

Do mammals usually use iteroparity or semelparity?

A

Iteroparity

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25
Q

What is an example of a semelparous mammal?

A

Brown antechinus

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26
Q

Do r-strategists have long lifespans?

A

No

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27
Q

Do r-strategists have high reproductive capacity?

A

Yes

28
Q

Do r-strategists have rapid development?

A

Yes

29
Q

Do r-strategists have large body sizes?

A

No

30
Q

Do r-strategists use minimal parental care?

A

Yes

31
Q

Do r-strategists have low numbers of offspring?

A

No

32
Q

Are r-strategists poor colonizers?

A

No

33
Q

Do r-strategists experience population boom and bust cycles?

A

Yes

34
Q

Are r-strategist populations density dependent?

A

No

35
Q

Do k-strategists have slow growth rates?

A

Yes

36
Q

Do k-strategists have large body sizes?

A

Yes

37
Q

Do k-strategists have low postnatal care?

A

No

38
Q

Do k-strategists have higher numbers of offspring?

A

No

39
Q

Do k-strategists have short lifespans?

A

No

40
Q

Are k-strategists usually specialists?

A

Yes

41
Q

Are k-strategist populations density dependent?

A

Yes

42
Q

What are two types of specializations of k-strategists?

A

Niche and nutrition specializations

43
Q

In k-strategists, population numbers stay near this

A

Carrying capacity (k)

44
Q

Do r-strategist populations ever approach carrying capacity?

A

No

45
Q

This mating strategy is rare in mammals

A

Monogamy

46
Q

About what percent of mammals are monogamous?

A

<5%

47
Q

What are two mammal groups that tend to be monogamous?

A

Primates and canids

48
Q

Do monogamous mammals tend to have extensive male postnatal care?

A

Yes

49
Q

What are three types of postnatal care given by monogamous males?

A

Feeding, defence, socialization

50
Q

What are two hormones involved in monogamous mating strategies?

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin

51
Q

Oxytocin and vasopressin contribute to these three behaviors in monogamous mating

A

Long-term pair bonding; Nest and mate defense; Aggression against intruders

52
Q

This reproductive strategy involves mating with multiple partners

A

Polygamy

53
Q

In this type of reproductive strategy, one male monopolizes multiple females

A

Polygyny

54
Q

What are three mammal groups that use polygyny?

A

Ungulates, seals, walruses

55
Q

In this reproductive strategy, females mate with more than one male

A

Polyandry

56
Q

Is polyandry common in mammals?

A

No

57
Q

What is an example of a mammal that uses polyandry?

A

Deer mice

58
Q

This type of young has the ability to move, forage and flee shortly after birth

A

Precocial young

59
Q

Do precocial young have short infancies?

A

No

60
Q

Do precocial young have slower postnatal growth?

A

Yes

61
Q

What group of mammals commonly has precocial young?

A

Ungulates

62
Q

This type of young is helpless and unable to protect themselves, feed, or flee at birth

A

Altricial young

63
Q

Do altricial young grow and mature rapidly?

A

Yes

64
Q

Most mammals have this type of young

A

Altricial young

65
Q
A

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

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