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Ecology of Mammals > Ch. 21 - Chiroptera > Flashcards

Ch. 21 - Chiroptera Flashcards

1
Q

This mammal order contains bats

A

Order Chiroptera

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2
Q

How many species are in Order Chiroptera?

A

1,300

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3
Q

Bats have a global distribution except these regions

A

Polar regions

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4
Q

Bats have the greatest degree of this of all mammal orders

A

Specialization

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5
Q

What are the five primary areas of specialization of bats over other mammals?

A

Flight; Nocturnality; Torpor; Nutritional diversity; Echolocation

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6
Q

Is bat flight typically fast?

A

No

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7
Q

Is bat flight typically highly maneuverable?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Greater mobility gives bats an advantage in this

A

Foraging

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9
Q

Bats can do this almost every night, sometimes many miles

A

Migration

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10
Q

Bats can exploit this type of environment

A

Arid/xeric

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11
Q

What are three reasons why bats only fly at night?

A

To avoid heat load from solar warming; To avoid predators; Access to prey

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12
Q

Only these bat species undergo torpor

A

Temperate species

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13
Q

Torpor eliminates the need for this

A

Migration

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14
Q

This is energetically expensive for bats

A

Arousal from torpor

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15
Q

This type of diversity is very high in bats

A

Nutritional diversity

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16
Q

What are five feeding strategies of bats?

A

Insectivory; sanguinivory; frugivory; carnivory; nectarivory

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17
Q

What are two types of animals typically eaten by carnivorous bats?

A

Frogs and fish

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18
Q

Echolocation is made up of these types of pulses

A

High frequency pulses

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19
Q

Are echolocation pulses audible to humans?

A

No

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20
Q

To produce echolocation pulses, this constricts around the larynx

A

Cricothyroid

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21
Q

What is the minimum size of object that bats can detect with echolocation?

22
Q

What are four features of an object that bats can detect?

A

Size, shape, texture, motion

23
Q

What is the return rate of bat echolocation?

24
Q

How many bat suborders are there?

25
This bat suborder contains large, old world fruit bats
Megachiroptera
26
These megachiropterans have long snouts and large eyes and resemble canines
Flying foxes
27
This bat suborder contains smaller bats
Microchiroptera
28
Which suborder of bats is more diverse?
Microchiroptera
29
Which bat suborder uses echolocation?
Microchiroptera
30
Which bat suborder has long snouts and large eyes?
Megachiroptera
31
Which bat suborder lacks a tragus?
Megachiroptera
32
Which bat suborder has nose/facial ornamentation?
Microchiroptera
33
How many microchiropteran families are in North America?
47
34
How many microchiropteran families are in Oklahoma?
23
35
What are the three bat families found in Oklahoma?
Vespertillionidae, Molossidae, Phyllostomidae
36
This bat disease is caused by a cold-weather fungus
White Nose Syndrome
37
What is the optimum temperature range for WNS fungus?
5-14 degrees
38
What is the optimum humidity for WNS fungus?
>90% humidity
39
From which continent did WNS originate?
Europe
40
WNS causes this on bats' noses and wings
Necrosis scarring
41
In how many species has WNS been detected?
18
42
How many bats have died from WNS?
Over 8 million
43
What are four ways WNS negatively impacts bats?
Failure to ovulate; Decreased body weight; Suppressed immunological response; Variant/aberrant behavior
44
How high of a mortality rate from WNS do some bat hibernacula have?
90-100%
45
What are two bat species that have become endangered because of WNS?
Tri-colored and little brown bat
46
After WNS, what is the second major threat to bats?
Wind energy
47
What are two causes of bat mortality by wind turbines?
Impact and barotrauma
48
This is plant pollination by bats
Chiropterphily
49
How many plant genera rely exclusively on bat pollination?
130
50
What agricultural parasite do bats help to keep in check?
Corn earworm
51
What is the global monetary impact of bats on the corn industry?
$1 billion
52
What is the global annual economic impact of bats on agriculture?
$27 billion

Ecology of Mammals (21 decks)

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