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ecology of mammals > Ch. 12 - Elephants and Manatees > Flashcards

Ch. 12 - Elephants and Manatees Flashcards

1
Q

These two orders are considered subungulates

A

Proboscidae and Sirenia

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2
Q

Proboscidae and Sirenia are what kind of fermenters?

A

Hindgut fermenters

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3
Q

Do proboscids or sirenians rumenate?

A

No

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4
Q

Proboscids and sirenians have this type of molars

A

Dyphyodont

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5
Q

In what direction are proboscid and sirenian molars replaced?

A

Horizontally

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6
Q

Proboscids and sirenians lack these bones

A

Clavicles

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7
Q

Do proboscids and sirenians have abdominal testes or a distended scrotum?

A

Abdominal testes

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8
Q

How many digits do proboscids/sirenians have?

A

4

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9
Q

How many extant families of proboscids/sirenians are there?

A

3

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10
Q

What is the only family in the Order Proboscidae?

A

Elephantidae

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11
Q

How many species are in Family Elephantidae?

A

2

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12
Q

What is the difference between African and Asian elephants’ trunks?

A

African elephant has two lips; Asian elephant has a single lip

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13
Q

Which elephant species has 1 less toenail on the hind feet?

A

African elephant

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14
Q

What is the sex ratio of elephants?

A

90+% female

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15
Q

What is the lifespan for elephants?

A

70 years

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16
Q

When do female elephants reach sexual maturity?

A

9-10 years

17
Q

When do male elephants reach sexual maturity?

A

10-15 years

18
Q

In elephants, this has an open canal throughout, considerable muscle strength, and a highly enervated tip

A

Trunk

19
Q

What are two uses of an elephant’s trunk?

A

Grasping food and filling with water

20
Q

In elephants, these are highly vascularized and dissipate heat

A

Ears

21
Q

This order contains manatees and dugongs

A

Sirenia

22
Q

When did the Steller’s sea cow go extinct?

A

Late 1700s

23
Q

Where did the Steller’s sea cow live?

A

Northern Pacific

24
Q

How many species of manatee are there?

A

3

25
Q

How many species of dugong are there?

A

1

26
Q

Sirenians only have this type of hair

A

Vibrissae

27
Q

Sirenians are the only marine mammals that use this feeding strategy

A

Herbivory

28
Q

Are sirenians capable of fast swimming?

A

No

29
Q

How much can sirenians weigh?

A

2000 lbs

30
Q

Are sirenians poor thermoregulators?

A

Yes

31
Q

What are two physical reasons why sirenians inhabit warm tropical waters?

A

Little subcutaneous blubber and minimal body hair

32
Q

What is the lifespan of sirenians?

A

50+ years

33
Q

What are two reasons why sirenians are endangered?

A

Loss of inland marsh habitat and human impacts

34
Q

Are sirenian numbers greatly reduced?

A

Yes

35
Q

Is overall sirenian distribution greatly reduced?

A

No

ecology of mammals (21 decks)

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