Ch. 12 - Elephants and Manatees

Question 1

These two orders are considered subungulates

Answer 1

Proboscidae and Sirenia

Question 2

Proboscidae and Sirenia are what kind of fermenters?

Answer 2

Hindgut fermenters

Question 3

Do proboscids or sirenians rumenate?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Proboscids and sirenians have this type of molars

Answer 4

Dyphyodont

Question 5

In what direction are proboscid and sirenian molars replaced?

Answer 5

Horizontally

Question 6

Proboscids and sirenians lack these bones

Answer 6

Clavicles

Question 7

Do proboscids and sirenians have abdominal testes or a distended scrotum?

Answer 7

Abdominal testes

Question 8

How many digits do proboscids/sirenians have?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

How many extant families of proboscids/sirenians are there?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

What is the only family in the Order Proboscidae?

Answer 10

Elephantidae

Question 11

How many species are in Family Elephantidae?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

What is the difference between African and Asian elephants’ trunks?

Answer 12

African elephant has two lips; Asian elephant has a single lip

Question 13

Which elephant species has 1 less toenail on the hind feet?

Answer 13

African elephant

Question 14

What is the sex ratio of elephants?

Answer 14

90+% female

Question 15

What is the lifespan for elephants?

Answer 15

70 years

Question 16

When do female elephants reach sexual maturity?

Answer 16

9-10 years

Question 17

When do male elephants reach sexual maturity?

Answer 17

10-15 years

Question 18

In elephants, this has an open canal throughout, considerable muscle strength, and a highly enervated tip

Answer 18

Trunk

Question 19

What are two uses of an elephant’s trunk?

Answer 19

Grasping food and filling with water

Question 20

In elephants, these are highly vascularized and dissipate heat

Answer 20

Ears

Question 21

This order contains manatees and dugongs

Answer 21

Sirenia

Question 22

When did the Steller’s sea cow go extinct?

Answer 22

Late 1700s

Question 23

Where did the Steller’s sea cow live?

Answer 23

Northern Pacific

Question 24

How many species of manatee are there?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

How many species of dugong are there?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

Sirenians only have this type of hair

Answer 26

Vibrissae

Question 27

Sirenians are the only marine mammals that use this feeding strategy

Answer 27

Herbivory

Question 28

Are sirenians capable of fast swimming?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

How much can sirenians weigh?

Answer 29

2000 lbs

Question 30

Are sirenians poor thermoregulators?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What are two physical reasons why sirenians inhabit warm tropical waters?

Answer 31

Little subcutaneous blubber and minimal body hair

Question 32

What is the lifespan of sirenians?

Answer 32

50+ years

Question 33

What are two reasons why sirenians are endangered?

Answer 33

Loss of inland marsh habitat and human impacts

Question 34

Are sirenian numbers greatly reduced?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

Is overall sirenian distribution greatly reduced?

Answer 35

No