Ch 7 - Flexibility

Question 1

Flexibility

Answer 1

normal extensibility of all soft tissue that allows a joint to move through its full ROM

Question 2

Extensibility

Answer 2

capability to be elongated or stretched

Question 3

Dynamic ROM

Answer 3

optimal control of movement through joint’s full ROM; combination of flexibility & nervous system’s ability to control ROM efficiently

Question 4

Neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 4

ability of nervous system to recruit muscles to work correctly in all 4 ways, and to produce/reduce/dynamically stability force in all 3 planes

Question 5

Postural distortion pattern

Answer 5

predictable patterns of muscle imbalances

Question 6

Relative flexibility

Answer 6

body’s tendency to seek path of least resistance

Question 7

Muscle imbalance

Answer 7

alteration in length of muscles surrounding joints

Question 8

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 8

simultaneous contraction of one muscle and relaxation of its antagonist, allowing movement; agonist gets signal to contract at the same time the antagonist gets the signal to relax

Question 9

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 9

caused by tight agonist decreasing neural drive to its antagonist

Question 10

Arthrokinetic dysfunction

Answer 10

biomechanical and neuromuscular dysfunction leading to altered joint motion

Question 11

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 11

when neural impulses that sense tension are greater than impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing inhibitory effect to muscle spindles; the reason stretching creates changes in extensibility

Question 12

Pattern overload

Answer 12

consistantly repeating the same pattern of motion

Question 13

Davis’s law

Answer 13

states that soft tissue models along lines of stress

Question 14

Cumulative injury cycle

Answer 14

injury causes trauma, body responds with inflammation and spasm (overactivity), this forms knots, which alters neuromuscular control, and leads to muscle imbalances, which are prone to injury; risk compounds with each cycle

Question 15

Corrective flexibility

Answer 15

SMR and static stretching; to increase ROM and improve muscle imbalances and altered joint motion

Question 16

Active flexibility

Answer 16

SMR and active-isolated stretching; to improve soft tissue extensibility and neuromuscular efficiency

Question 17

Active-isolated stretching

Answer 17

agonists and synergists move limb through full ROM while stretching antagonists, creating reciprocal inhibition of muscle being stretched; 2 sets of 5-10 reps for 1-2 seconds

Question 18

Functional flexibility

Answer 18

SMR and dynamic stretching, using multi-planar movement and full ROM; requires movement without compensations

Question 19

SMR

Answer 19

corrects muscle imbalances, reduces trigger points, inhibits overactive muscles; find tender spot, and hold for 30 seconds

Question 20

Static stretching

Answer 20

corrects muscle imbalances and lengthens overactive muscles; stimulates GTOs and inhibits muscle spindles; hold for 30 seconds

Question 21

Active stretching

Answer 21

increases extensibility of soft tissues

Question 22

Dynamic stretching

Answer 22

active extension of muscle, using force production and momentum, to move joint through full ROM; increases extensibility with optimal neuromuscular control; uses reciprocal inhibition; do 1-2 sets of 10-15 reps of 3-10 exercises