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CPT > Ch 2 - Exercise Science > Flashcards

Ch 2 - Exercise Science Flashcards

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NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Human movement system

A

combination of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

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2
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

cranial and sacral nerves connecting CNS to the rest of the body

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4
Q

Sensory function

A

ability of nervous system to sense changes in internal or external environment

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5
Q

Integrative function

A

ability of nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory info

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6
Q

Motor function

A

neuromuscular response to sensory info

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7
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS

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8
Q

Interneurons

A

transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

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9
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

transmit nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites

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10
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

responsible for voluntary control of movement

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11
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

responsible for involuntary systems

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12
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

supports activity

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13
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

supports rest and recovery

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14
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

sensory receptors that sense distortion in body tissue

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15
Q

Muscle spindles

A

SRs sensitive to changes in length; prevent overstretching by telling muscles to contract

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16
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

SRs sensitive to changes in tension; prevent excess stress by telling muscles to relax

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17
Q

Joint receptors

A

SRs sensitive to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints; signal extreme joint positions

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18
Q

Axial skeleton

A

skull, ribcage, and vertebral column

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19
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower extremities and shoulder and pelvic girdle

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20
Q

Remodeling

A

resorption and formation of bone

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21
Q

Epiphysis

A

end of long bones

22
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of long bones

23
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

connects epiphysis to diaphysis; where growth occurs

24
Q

Periosteum

A

membrane of connective tissue wrapping bones, except articulating surfaces

25
Q

Medullar cavity

A

where bone marrow is stored

26
Q

Hyaline cartilege

A

covers articular surfaces of bones

27
Q

Surface markings

A

structures in bones for stability and muscle attachment

28
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

joint motion

29
Q

Joint motions (3)

A

roll, slide, spin

30
Q

Synovial joints

A

joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments

31
Q

Joint types (6)

A

gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, ball and socket

32
Q

Ligaments

A

connective tissue that connects one bone to another

33
Q

Epimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding muscle

34
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding fascicles

35
Q

Endomysium

A

connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers (deepest layer)

36
Q

Tendons

A

connective tissue that connects muscle and bone

37
Q

Sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane that encases muscle fibers

38
Q

Sarcomere

A

functional unit of muscle that produces contraction; made of repeating sections of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) myofilaments

39
Q

Neural activation

A

muscle contraction generated by neural stimulation

40
Q

Motor unit

A

one neuron and the muscle fibers it connects

41
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that cross the NM junction to transmit electrical impulses from nerves to muscles

42
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

neurotrasmitter that stimulates mucles to contract

43
Q

Type I muscle fibers

A

slow-twitch fibers; more endurance; used for stability and posture

44
Q

Type II muscle fibers

A

fast-twitch fibers; more power; used for movement

45
Q

Type IIx muscle fibers

A

fast-twitch fibers; lower ability to use oxygen and fatigue faster than type IIa

46
Q

Type IIa muscle fibers

A

intermediate fast-twitch fibers; combination of type I and type II

47
Q

Primary glands (4)

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals

48
Q

Insulin

A

hormone that helps regulate energy and glucose metabolism; causes cells to store glucose as glycogen

49
Q

Glucogen

A

opposite effect of insulin; causes cells to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into bloodstream

50
Q

Catecholamines

A

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine; prepare body for activity; part of fight or flight response

51
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

thin and thick muscle filaments slide past each other to shorten sarcomeres and thus shorten the muscle and produce force

CPT (26 decks)

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