Ch 3 - Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Cardiovascular system

Answer 1

heart, lungs, and blood vessels

Question 2

Mediastinum

Answer 2

space between lungs that contains all other organs of chest

Question 3

Sinoatrial node

Answer 3

specialized area of cardiac tissue in right atrium; initiates electrical impulses that determine heart rate; pacemaker of the heart

Question 4

Atrioventricular node

Answer 4

small mass of fibers in wall of right atrium; receives heartbeat impulses and directs them to ventricle walls

Question 5

Atria

Answer 5

upper chambers of heart; receives blood from veins and forces it into ventricles

Question 6

Ventricles

Answer 6

lower chambers of heart; receive blood from corresponding atrium and force it into arteries

Question 7

Systemic side of heart

Answer 7

left side - pumps oxygenated blood to rest of body

Question 8

Pulmonic side of heart

Answer 8

right side - receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to lungs and then to left atrium

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

amount of blood pumped out of heart with each contraction; difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume; around 70mL

Question 10

End-diastolic volume

Answer 10

filled volume of ventricle before contraction; around 120mL

Question 11

End-systolic volume

Answer 11

residual volume of blood in ventricle after ejection; around 50mL

Question 12

Cardiact ouput (Q)

Answer 12

heart rate times stroke volume; overall performace of heart

Question 13

Composition of blood

Answer 13

white cells, red cells, and platelets suspended in plasma; 55% plasma, 45% cells

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

blood vessels that transport blood from capillaries toward the heart

Question 16

Capillaries

Answer 16

smallest blood vessels; connect venules and arterioles; site of exchange of nutrients, water, and oxyen are taken up by cells for metabolism and waste and CO2 are exchanged back into blood

Question 17

Aorta

Answer 17

largest artery

Question 18

Arterioles

Answer 18

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries

Question 19

Venules

Answer 19

very small veins that connect capillaries to larger veins

Question 20

Respiratory system

Answer 20

lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles

Question 21

Respiratory pump

Answer 21

bones and muscles that allow for proper respiratory mechanics

Question 22

Inspiration

Answer 22

inhalation; active contraction of respiratory muscles

Question 23

Expiration

Answer 23

exhalation; active or passive relaxation of respiratory muscles

Question 24

Conducting airways

Answer 24

structures air travels through before entering respiratory airways

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

process of getting oxygen from environment to tissues of body

Question 26

Alveolar sacs

Answer 26

where gases are transported in and out of bloodstream; clusters of sacs make up alveoli at ends of bronchioles

Question 27

Respiratory airways

Answer 27

collect air from conducting airways; allow gases to be transferred in and out of bloodstream

Question 28

Oxygen uptake

Answer 28

body’s use of oxygen; oxygen consumption

Question 29

VO2

Answer 29

resting oxygen consumption; around 3.5mL/kg/min

Question 30

Fick equation

Answer 30

VO2 = Q x (a-v)O2

Question 31

VO2 max

Answer 31

max. oxygen consumption; best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness; highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at max. physical exertion; around 40-80mL/kg/min or 11-23 MET; estimated by Rockport Walk Test, Step Test, YMCA bike protocol test

Question 32

Respiratory muscles

Answer 32

include scalene, SCM, LS, upper traps

Question 33

Respiratory system

Answer 33

trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs