Ch 6 Key Terms - Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Motion of a limb away from the midline.

Answer 1

Abduction

Question 2

Motion of a limb toward the midline.

Answer 2

Adduction

Question 3

A tubular vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and body.

Answer 3

Artery

Question 4

Pressure or force inside the walls of the body’s arteries.

Answer 4

Blood pressure

Question 5

A group of organs and other structures that work together to perform specific functions.

Answer 5

Body system

Question 6

The organ in the nervous system responsible for the control of all the body systems. Coordinates the function of sensation, controls muscles, keeps body organs functioning automatically, and integrates consciousness, memory, emotions, and the use of language.

Answer 6

Brain

Question 7

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. They provide nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from cells.

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

Organs and structures that circulate blood around the body using the heart, arteries, and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells. This system carries chemical waste products away from the cells and helps equalize body temperature. May also be referred to as the circulatory system.

Answer 8

Cardiovascular System

Question 9

The basic units of all living Tissue.

Answer 9

Cells

Question 10

The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 10

Central nervous system

Question 11

The large, thick, flat muscle between the chest and abdomen that is used for breathing.

Answer 11

Diaphragm

Question 12

Also known as the gastrointestinal system, a group of organs and other structures that use mechanical and chemical processes to break down food and absorb nutrients into the body. This system also eliminates waste or unused material that is eaten.

Answer 12

Digestive System

Question 13

A collection of glands that produce chemical substances, called hormones, that travel through the bloodstream influencing target organs.

Answer 13

Endocrine system

Question 14

The straightening of a joint.

Answer 14

Extension

Question 15

The bending of a joint.

Answer 15

Flexion

Question 16

The study of structures that can be seen with the unaided eye AND structures visible only through a microscope in humans.

Answer 16

Human anatomy

Question 17

The study of the mechanical, physical, bioelectric, and biochemical functions of humans.

Answer 17

Human physiology

Question 18

The body’s response to a substance foreign to the body, such as bacteria.

Answer 18

Immune response

Question 19

Specialized tissues covering and protecting the body. The skin helps retain fluids, regulates temperature, transmits information from the environment to the brain, and protects the body from the outside environment.

Answer 19

Integumentary (skin) System

Question 20

Fibrous tissues that connect a bone to another bone.

Answer 20

Ligaments

Question 21

Organs and other structures that remove extra fluid from tissues, absorb and transport fats from the cardiovascular system, and make white blood cells and transport them from the lymph nodes.

Answer 21

Lymphatic system

Question 22

Tissues that allow movement of the body, beating of the heart, and movement within the organs of the digestive system and other tubular structures (e.g., helping move food through the intestines, allowing blood vessels to contract to raise blood pressure).

Answer 22

Muscular system

Question 23

A group of organs and other structures that regulate all body functions by collecting and processing information, using the brain and a complicated wiring system to all organs.

Answer 23

Nervous system

Question 24

A specialized cell that conducts electrical impulses; a nerve cell.

Answer 24

Neuron

Question 25

Structures containing similar tissues that act together to perform specific body functions.

Answer 25

Organs

Question 26

The part of the nervous system outside the central nervous system.

Answer 26

Peripheral nervous system

Question 27

Organs and other structures responsible for human reproduction.

Answer 27

Reproductive system

Question 28

Organs and structures that bring air containing oxygen into the body and eliminate carbon dioxide to the environment through the process of breathing, or ventilation.

Answer 28

Respiratory system

Question 29

The bones and other supporting tissues that provide structure to the body, provide attachment points for muscles, protect internal organs, allow movement, store minerals, and constitute the major site where blood cells are made.

Answer 29

Skeletal system

Question 30

An extension of a muscle that attaches to a bone.

Answer 30

Tendon

Question 31

A collection of cells acting together to perform a specific body function.

Answer 31

Tissue

Question 32

Organs and structures that remove wastes and toxins from the blood and excretes them as urine. This system maintains the body’s water and electrolyte balance.

Answer 32

Urinary system

Question 33

A tubular vessel that carries blood to the heart.

Answer 33

Vein