Ch 6 Key Terms - Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Motion of a limb away from the midline.
Abduction
Motion of a limb toward the midline.
Adduction
A tubular vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and body.
Artery
Pressure or force inside the walls of the body’s arteries.
Blood pressure
A group of organs and other structures that work together to perform specific functions.
Body system
The organ in the nervous system responsible for the control of all the body systems. Coordinates the function of sensation, controls muscles, keeps body organs functioning automatically, and integrates consciousness, memory, emotions, and the use of language.
Brain
Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. They provide nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from cells.
Capillaries
Organs and structures that circulate blood around the body using the heart, arteries, and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells. This system carries chemical waste products away from the cells and helps equalize body temperature. May also be referred to as the circulatory system.
Cardiovascular System
The basic units of all living Tissue.
Cells
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
Central nervous system
The large, thick, flat muscle between the chest and abdomen that is used for breathing.
Diaphragm
Also known as the gastrointestinal system, a group of organs and other structures that use mechanical and chemical processes to break down food and absorb nutrients into the body. This system also eliminates waste or unused material that is eaten.
Digestive System
A collection of glands that produce chemical substances, called hormones, that travel through the bloodstream influencing target organs.
Endocrine system
The straightening of a joint.
Extension
The bending of a joint.
Flexion
The study of structures that can be seen with the unaided eye AND structures visible only through a microscope in humans.
Human anatomy
The study of the mechanical, physical, bioelectric, and biochemical functions of humans.
Human physiology
The body’s response to a substance foreign to the body, such as bacteria.
Immune response
Specialized tissues covering and protecting the body. The skin helps retain fluids, regulates temperature, transmits information from the environment to the brain, and protects the body from the outside environment.
Integumentary (skin) System
Fibrous tissues that connect a bone to another bone.
Ligaments
Organs and other structures that remove extra fluid from tissues, absorb and transport fats from the cardiovascular system, and make white blood cells and transport them from the lymph nodes.
Lymphatic system
Tissues that allow movement of the body, beating of the heart, and movement within the organs of the digestive system and other tubular structures (e.g., helping move food through the intestines, allowing blood vessels to contract to raise blood pressure).
Muscular system
A group of organs and other structures that regulate all body functions by collecting and processing information, using the brain and a complicated wiring system to all organs.
Nervous system
A specialized cell that conducts electrical impulses; a nerve cell.
Neuron
