CH. 5: Disease & Disorder Terms

Question 1

adenoiditis

Answer 1

inflammation of the adenoids

Question 2

alveolitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the alveoli (pulmonary or dental)

Question 3

atelectasis

Answer 3

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)

Question 4

bronchiectasis

Answer 4

dilation of the bronchi

Question 5

bronchitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the bronchi

Question 6

bronchogenic carcinoma

Answer 6

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus (also referred to as lung cancer)

Question 7

bronchopneumonia

Answer 7

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (an inflammation of the lungs that begins in the terminal bronchioles)

Question 8

bronchospasm

Answer 8

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

Question 9

diaphragmatocele

Answer 9

hernia of the diaphragm

Question 10

epiglottitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the epiglottis

Question 11

hemothorax

Answer 11

blood in the chest cavity (pleural cavity)

Question 12

laryngitis

Answer 12

inflammation of the larynx

Question 13

laryngospasm

Answer 13

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

Question 14

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

Answer 14

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

Question 15

lobar pneumonia

Answer 15

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung (infection of one or more lobes of the lung)

Question 16

nasopharyngitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the nose and the pharynx

Question 17

pharyngitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the pharynx

Question 18

pleuritis

Answer 18

inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)

Question 19

pneumoconiosis

Answer 19

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

Question 20

pneumonia

Answer 20

diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus; viruses; and fungi)

Question 21

pneumonitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the lung

Question 22

mesothelioma

Answer 22

a rare form of cancer most common in the pleura, the sac covering the lung, and lining the thoracic cavity, and it most often caused by inhalation exposure to asbestos; also occurs in the lining of the abdominal cavity and in the lining of the heart.

Question 23

pneumothorax

Answer 23

air in the chest cavity (specifically, the pleural cavity, which causes collapse of the lung and is often a result of an open chest wound)

Question 24

pulmonary neoplasm

Answer 24

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)

Question 25

pyothorax

Answer 25

pus in the chest cavity (pleural cavity) (also called empyema)

Question 26

rhinitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the nose (mucous membranes)

Question 27

rhinomycosis

Answer 27

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

Question 28

rhinorrhagia

Answer 28

excessive bleeding from the nose (also called epistaxis)

Question 29

sinusitis

Answer 29

inflammation of the sinuses

Question 30

tonsillitis

Answer 30

inflammation of the tonsils

Question 31

tracheitis

Answer 31

inflammation of the trachea

Question 32

tracheostenosis

Answer 32

narrowing of the trachea

Question 33

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 33

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury; is respiratory failure in an adult. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)

Question 34

insidious

Answer 34

gradual and subtle onset of disease

Question 35

acute

Answer 35

sharp, sudden, short, or severe type of disease

Question 36

subacute

Answer 36

between acute and chronic

Question 37

chronic

Answer 37

disease that continues for a long time

Question 38

asphyxia

Answer 38

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

Question 39

asthma

Answer 39

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

Question 40

reactive airway disease (RAD)

Answer 40

general term and not a specific diagnosis; used to describe a history of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath; in some people RAD may lead to asthma

Question 41

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 41

progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main components of COPD. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking

Question 42

coccidioidomycosis

Answer 42

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever)

Question 43

coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Answer 43

respiratory infection caused by a virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset; the disease course can range from mild to severe with the possibility of ARDS and multi-system organ failure.

Question 44

croup

Answer 44

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children (also called laryngotracheobronchitis)

Question 45

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Answer 45

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

Question 46

deviated septum

Answer 46

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

Question 47

diphtheria

Answer 47

serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat; creates a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx, which can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. It is rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination against the disease.

Question 48

emphysema

Answer 48

loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (component of COPD)

Question 49

epistaxis

Answer 49

nosebleed (also called rhinorrhagia)

Question 50

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

Answer 50

chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown. IPF most often affects adults over the age of 50. Smoking, pollutants, and heredity may play a role in its genesis. Symptoms include exertional dyspnea and a dry cough. Lung transplant may be indicated in severe cases; there is no cure.

Question 51

influenza (flu)

Answer 51

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

Question 52

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 52

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

Question 53

pertussis

Answer 53

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, followed by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop. It mainly affects infants too young to be vaccinated and adults whose immunity to the vaccine has faded (also called whooping cough)

Question 54

pleural effusion

Answer 54

fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma

Question 55

pulmonary edema

Answer 55

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

Question 56

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 56

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common cause of it

Question 57

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 57

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usu. affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs

Question 58

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Answer 58

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usu. caused by a virus (commonly called a cold)