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Medical Terminology > CH. 11: Surgical/Diagnostic/Laboratory Terms > Flashcards

CH. 11: Surgical/Diagnostic/Laboratory Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominocentesis (also called?)

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the abdominal cavity (also called paracentesis)

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2
Q

abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdomen

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3
Q

anoplasty

A

surgical repair of the anus

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4
Q

antrectomy

A

excision of the antrum (of the stomach)

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5
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix

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6
Q

cheiloplasty

A

surgical repair of the lip

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7
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

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8
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone

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9
Q

colectomy

A

excision of the colon

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10
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall; used for the passage of stool)

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11
Q

diverticulectomy

A

excision of a diverticulum

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12
Q

enterorrhaphy

A

suturing of the (small) intestine

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13
Q

esophagogastroplasty

A

surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach

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14
Q

gastrectomy

A

excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach)

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15
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum

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16
Q

gastroplasty

A

surgical repair of the stomach

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17
Q

gastrostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall)

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18
Q

gingivectomy

A

surgical removal of gum (tissue)

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19
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

suturing of the tongue

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20
Q

hemicolectomy

A

excision of half of the colon

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21
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suturing of a hernia (for repair)

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22
Q

ileostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (through the abdominal wall, used for passage of stool)

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23
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdominal cavity (also called celiotomy)

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24
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the palate

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25
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of the pancreas

26
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

27
Q

pyloroplasty

A

surgical repair of the pylorus

28
Q

uvulectomy

A

excision of the uvula

29
Q

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)

A

surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea)

30
Q

abdominoperineal resection (APR) (removal of what [3] through what [2] approaches?, treat what? [2] of the lower [?])

A

removal of the distal colon, rectum, and anal sphincter through both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat some colorectal cancers and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine. The patient will have a colostomy.

31
Q

anastomosis (pl. anastomoses) (connection created by what? such as [2]?)

A

connection created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

32
Q

bariatric surgery (surgical reduction of what? to treat)

A

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity, a condition that can cause serious illness

33
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of hemorrhoids

34
Q

vagotomy (cutting of certain branches of what?, performed w/ what surgery to accomplish what?)

A

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrences of ulcers.

35
Q

ROUX-EN-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)

A

creation of a small gastric pouch with drainage of food to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract through a restricted stoma; the duodenum and part of the jejunum are bypassed. RYGB, the most common form of bariatric surgery performed in the United States, restricts food intake and calorie absorption rate.

36
Q

sleeve gastrecomy

A

the majority of the stomach is removed and a smaller tubular stomach is created; the capacity of the stomach is therefore significantly reduced.

37
Q

laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB)

A

creation of a small gastric pouch by the placement of a band around the upper portion of the stomach; the band can be adjusted to change the size of the stomach through a subcutaneous port.

38
Q

cholangiogram

A

radiographic image of the bile ducts

39
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic imaging of the bile ducts (after administration of contrast agents to outline the ducts)

40
Q

CT colonography

A

radiographic imaging of the colon (using computed tomography) (also called virtual colonoscopy)

41
Q

esophagogram

A

radiographic image of the esophagus (and pharynx) (also called esophagram and barium swallow)

42
Q

capsule endoscopy

A

(capsule) visual examination within (a hollow organ) (also called camera endoscopy)

43
Q

colonoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination

44
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

45
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

46
Q

esophagoscopy

A

visual examination of the esophagus

47
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

48
Q

gastroscopy

A

visual examination of the stomach

49
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity

50
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity

51
Q

proctoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the rectum

52
Q

proctoscopy

A

visual examination of the rectum

53
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

54
Q

abdominal sonography

A

ultrasound scanning of the abdominal cavity in which the size and structure of organs such as the aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas can be visualized

55
Q

barium enema (BE) (RIS, taken of the what?, after the CAB —> administered rectally [also called what?])

A

series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectally (also called lower GI series)

56
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (using a what? to visualize which ducts?, introduce what agents?, and record what x-ray images?; used to evaluate? [3]; what may be performed during the procedure for treatment? [3])

A

procedure using an endoscope to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts, introduce contrast agents, and record x-ray images (fluoroscopy); used to evaluate obstructions, strictures, and some diseases of the liver and pancreas. Stone removal, biopsy, and stenting may be performed during the procedure for treatment.

57
Q

endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) (endoscope fitted with a what? to provide images of which linings? [2], + the walls of the what? [2]; used to detect what? [2] and staging of what?)

A

procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of the esophageal and gastric linings, as well as the walls of the small and large intestines; used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors

58
Q

upper GI series (RIS taken of the what? [4] after the CAB —> administered orally [also called what?])

A

series of radiographic images taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been administered orally (also called upper gastrointestinal series)

59
Q

fecal occult blood test (FOBT) (stool sample exam. to detect what?; occult blood refers to what?; test is used to screen for what? [2])

A

examination of a stool sample to detect blood not directly visible; occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be detected by chemical testing or by microscope. The test is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps.

60
Q

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) stool antigen (chemical test —> fecal sample to determine what? that can cause…?)

A

chemical test on a fecal sample to determine the presence of the bacteria (H. pylori) that can cause peptic ulcers

Medical Terminology (98 decks)

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